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MLT V,M,TE
Vitamins, Minerals, and Trace Elements
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A progressive systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptible to fracture | osteoporosis |
| A 25-year old female visits her symptoms: lethargy, sleepiness. Her physician orders laboratory tests and the results are shown below. Serum iron dec, TIBC inc, Transferrin saturation dec, Serum Ferritin dec | iron deficiency anemia |
| a 40-year male patient with hemochromatosis often presents to his clinician with which of the following triad of symptoms? | bronzing of the skin, cirrhosis, and diabetes |
| A deficiency of Vitamin K (manaquinone) can result in which of the following | increased clotting time |
| a patient represents with the following symptoms: loss of appetite generalized weakness and irritability abdominal pain and vomiting bright red tongue skin rash (casal's necklace) | pellagra |
| A patient with megaloblastic anemia would show what? | decreased B12, decreased folic acid |
| a person who is deficient of chromium can develop | insulin resistance and glucose intolerance |
| a person with menke's syndrome will have what kind of decreased results | decreased blood copper |
| aceruoplasmineamia is associated with what kinds of labs | decreased blood ceruloplasmin, increased copper deposition in the liver, and increased iron deposition in tissues |
| an individual who consumes massive amounts of Vitamin C may develop kidney stones consisting of | oxalic acid |
| antimony is used to treat patients with what kind of disease? | schistosomiasis |
| calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium all have what in common? | they all exist as free or ionized forms, bound to proteins and complexes to radicals to form salts |
| cobalt is found in which of the following vitamins | Vitamin B12 |
| Decreased serum levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid are seen in patients with what condition? | Sprue |
| Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels are useful for assessing exposure to what kind of metal? | lead |
| free ionized calcium normally represents approximately what percentage of the total serum calcium? | 50% |
| heat inactivation and chemical inhibition are two methods used to measure what analyte? | alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes |
| hemochromatosis is a disease best described as | a genetically related disease in which the body accumulates excess amounts of iron |
| how many pyrrole rings are there in a porphyrin structure? | 4 |
| if the pH of a sample decreases, what is the predictable response to the serum magnesium concentration? | the concentration will increase |
| niacin is converted to what two cofactors | nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| pellagra is associated with a deficiency of which vitamin? | Vitamin B3 |
| Protoporphyrins that chelate iron are called | heme |
| retinol is formed from what vitamin? | Preformed vitamin A |
| rickets in children or osteoporosis in adults can be minimized through dietary supplementation with what? | Vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus |
| scurvy is a disease caused by a deficiency in what? | Vitamin C |
| The addition of sufficient Fe3+ to saturate iron binding site of transferrin is referred to as? | unsaturated iron binding capacity |
| the pathological condition that develops when iron intake falls below the amount required for red blood cell production and iron reserves become depleted | anemia |
| the globin portion of hemoglobin in normal adult humans is composed of which two amino acid chains? | two alphas, two betas |
| the term associated with indirect methods for assessment of vitamin status is termed | functional assays |
| three natural forms of vitamin B6 are | pyridoxine (pyridoxol)(PN), pyridozamine (PM), and pyridoxal (PL) |
| trace elements in biological fluids can be measured using what instrumentation technique | atomic absorption spectrometry |
| Vitamin B12 is also named | cyanocobalamin |
| Vitamin D deficiency leads to what condition? | rickets |
| Vitamin E toxicity has been associated with what | an affliction of premature infants who have been exposure to high oxygen therapy and later developed retinopathy of prematurity (formerly retyolental fibroplasias) |
| Vitamins A, D, and K are classified as | fat-soluble |
| what is the primary route of exposure in humans to mercury | inhalation of vapors |
| What is the primary storage form of iron | ferritin |
| what is the required oxidation state (valence) of iron that enables it to bind to a chromogen in most spectrophotometric assays | +2 |
| what is the unique quality that many porphyrin compounds possess that allows for their detection within body tissues and in a test tube | they fluoresce and are detected by exposing them to EMP at a specific wavelength |
| which disorder is associated with a B1 (thiamin) deficiency | Beriberi |
| what can affect the concentration of ionized calcium in the blood | pH and temperature |
| what electrolyte measurements would be of clinical usefulness to the clinician who is treating patients for pregnancy-induced hypertension? | magnesium |
| which of the following has a large amount of aluminum present baking soda saline antacids radiator fluid | antacids |
| what instrument can measure calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in blood samples | atomic absorption spectrometer |
| what is an effect of increased parathyroid secretion | increased intestinal absorption of calcium |
| what would be described as a nervous system ailment because of a deficiency of thiamine | beriberi |
| what is a metal that could be considered a trace element | cobalt |
| which of the following proteins is a copper transport protein that migrates in the alpha2-globulin region | ceruloplasmin |
| what reagent is used to determine the concentration of serum inorganic phosphate | ammonium molybdate |
| what lab results are associated with Wilson's disease | decreased plasma copper and plasma ceruloplasmin |
| What kind of specimen is appropriate to determine exposure to lead? | Whole blood |
| What are the diagnostic criteria for primary hyperparathyroidism | detectable amounts of serum PTH concomitant with elevated total serum calcium |
| Elevated levels of arsenic in serum can be detected for only a few hours (<4) after ingestion. True or False | True |
| which of the following trace elements is NO classified as essential? Fluorine Silver Chromium Cobalt | Silver |
| Zinc plays a vital role in the synthesis of which of the following? glucose low density lipoproteins nucleic acid carboxyhemoglobin | nucleic acid |
Created by:
Mwortman
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