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MLT lipids/electroly
Lipids and electrolytes
Question | Answer |
---|---|
A family of peptides called natriuretic peptides serves to regulate | sodium and water metabolism |
A patient with a toxic level of blood alcohol would cause what to happen to their osmolality/ | they'd have an increased osmolal gap |
A patient with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) would present with what kind of laboratory results? | Decreased serum sodium, osmolality, chloride, and increased urine sodium |
Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that | stimulates ADH secretion and thirst |
bile acids are synthesized in the liver from which lipid? | cholesterol |
chloride in sweat can be measured by which of the followitn techniques? | coulometry and amperometry |
cholesterol is a | cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus |
elevates sweat chloride is associated with which disease | cystic fibrosis |
freezing point depression is one of the | colligative properties of a solution |
HDL cholesterol+LDL cholesterol+chylomicrons---->HDL These are used as precipitating reagents for determining cholesterol | Heparin-manganese chloride, Dextran -sulfate-MN(II), and Phosphotungstate-Mn(II) |
Hyopkalemia can be seen in these conditions | starvation, alkalosis, and diarrhea |
In the blood, bicarbonate leaves the red blood cell and enters the plasma through an exchange mechanism with which of the following ions? | chloride |
in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, cholesterol and triglycerides are | increased |
measurement of sodium, potassium, and chloride are commonly performed in laboratories using what method | Ion selective electrodes |
What formula is used to calculate plasma osmolality? | 2(Na)+(glucose/18)+(BUN/2.8) |
High HDL cholesterol is not a risk factor for what | coronary heart disease |
1secondart causes of elevated LDL can include | chronic renal failure, hypothyroidism, and obstructive liver disease |
what is the desirable cutoff for serum LDL cholesterol recommended by the National Cholesterol Education Program | 100 mg/dL |
Serum lacks what kind of constituent? | fibrinogen |
The borderline range for cholesterol levels as determined by NCEP is | 200-240 mg/dL |
The Friedwald formula for estimating LDL cholesterol should not be used when | Triglyceride is greater than 400 mg/dL |
The National Cholesterol Education Program ATP III goal for desirable HDL cholesterol is | greater than or equal to 60 mg/dL |
The anion gap is determined from which groups of electrolytes | sodium, chloride, potassium, and TCO2 |
the anion with the highest extracellular concentration is | chloride |
the cation with the highest extracellular concentration is | sodium |
the cation with the highest intracellular concentration | potassium |
the enzymatic determination of glycerol in triglyceride analysis usually involves conversion of glycerol to | glycerol phosphate |
the first step in the enzymatic cholesterol reaction, which result in cholesterol esterase is | hydrolysis of cholesterol esters |
The following are criteria for clinical Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome | Elevated waist circumference, Elevated triglycerides, reduced HDL-C |
the lipoprotein fraction that has the highest ratio of lipid to protein is | chylomicrons |
the presence of only slightly visible hemolysis can significantly increase the serum level of which of the following ions | potassium |
the serum of a freshly drawn blood sample is slightly turbid, there is is probably because | triglycerides only are increased |
which apolipoprotein has the ability to increase the risk of coronary heart disease | Apo B100 |
The following conditions are associated with hyponatremia | Addison's disease, diuretic therapy, and diarrhea |
what is one condition that is associated with hypernatremia | diabetes insipidus |
What conditions can be characterized by an increased anion gap | salicylate intoxication, diabetes mellitus, lactate acidosis |
what condition can cause an increased anion gap | renal failure |
what electrolyte levels best correlate with plasma osmolality | sodium |
what lipid fractions are very large molecules with a low density and give plasma a milky appearance when present in increased amounts? | chylomicrons |
what sequences reflect the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in response to hyponatremia | renin is released from the kidney; renin converts to angiotensinogen to angiotensin I; angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II |
Increased total cholesterol, and a decreased HDL cholesterol puts people at the highest risk for | coronary heart disease |
what kinds of test would be included in a routine lipid profile | cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides |