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OperatingSystemsCh8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| answer file | A text (.bat) that contains information that Windows requires in order to do unattended installation |
| batch file | A text file containing a series of OS commands. Autoexec.bat is a batch file. |
| BIOS (basic input/output system) | Firmware that can control much of a computer's input/output functions |
| boot loader menu | A startup menu that gives the user the choice of which operating system to load, such as Windows 8 or Windows 7, when both are on the same system, creating a dual boot. |
| Certificate of Authenticity | A sticker that contains the Window product key. |
| clean install | Used to install Windows on a new hard drive or to overwrite the existing operating system and applications when installing Windows on a hard drive that already has Windows installed. |
| compatibility mode | A group of settings that can be applied to older drivers or applications that might cause them to work using a newer version of Windows than the one the programs were designed to use. |
| custom installation | In the Windows set up program, the option used to overwrite the existing operating system and applications, producing a clean installation of the OS. The main advantage is that problems with the old OS are not carried forward. |
| deployment strategy | A procedure to install Windows, device drivers,and applications on a computer, and can include the process to transfer user settings, application settings, and user data files from an old installation to the new installation. |
| device driver | A small program stored on the hard drive and installed in Windows that tells Windows how to communicate with a specific hardware device such as a printer, network, port on the motherboard, or scanner. |
| Device Manager | The primary Windows tool (devmgmt.msc) for managing hardware. |
| disc image | Making an exact image of a hard driver, including partition information, boot sectors, operating system installation, and application software to replicate the hard drive on another system or recover from a hard drive crash. |
| diskpart | A Windows command to manage hard drives, partitions, and volumes. |
| distribution server | A file server holding Windows setup files used to install Windows on computers networked to the server. |
| distribution share | The collective files in the installation that include Windows, device drivers, and applications. The package of files is served up by a distribution server. |
| drive imaging | Making an exact image of a hard driver, including partition information, boot sectors, operating system installation, and application software to replicate the hard drive on another system or recover from a hard drive crash. |
| dual boot | The ability to boot using either of two different OSs, such as Windows 8 and Windows 7. |
| file system | The overall structure that an OS uses to name, store, and organize files on a disk. Examples of file systems are NTFS and FAT32. Windows is always installed on a volume that uses the NTFS file system. |
| GUID Partition Table (GPT) | One of two methods used to organize partitions on a hard drive. A GPT partitioning system installed on a hard drive can support 128 partitions and is recommended for drives larger than 2TB. |
| hard-link migration | A method used by USMT (User State Migration Tool) that does not copy user files and settings when the source computer and destination computer are the same. |
| high-touch using a standard image | A strategy to install Windows that uses a standard image for the installation. A technician must also perform the installation on the local computer. |
| high-touch with retail media | A strategy to install Windows where all the work is done by a technician sitting at the computer using Windows setup files. The technician also installs drivers and applications after the Windows applications after the Windows installation is finished. |
| hot-swappable | The ability to plug or unplug devices without first powering down the system. USB devices are hot-swappable. |
| hypervisor | Software that creates and manages virtual machines on a server or on a local computer. |
| image deployment | Installing a standard image on a computer. |
| in-place upgrade | A Windows installation that is launched from the Windows desktop. The installation carries forward user settings and installed applications from the old OS to the new one. A Windows OS is already in place before the installation begins. |
| ISO file | A file format that has an .iso file extension and holds an image of all the data, including the file system that is stored on the optical disk. ISO stands for International Organization for Stardardization. |
| ISO image | A file format that has an .iso file extension and holds an image of all the data, including the file system that is stored on the optical disk. ISO stands for International Organization for Stardardization. |
| lite-touch, high volume deployment | A strategy that uses a deployment server on the network to serve up a Windows installation after a technician starts the process at the local computer. |
| loadstate | A command used by the User State Migration Tools (USMT) to copy user settings and data temporarily stored at a safe location to a new computer |
| Master Boot Record (MBR) | One of the two methods used to organized the partition table on a hard drive. On an MBR hard drive, the first hard drive, the first sector on the drive is called the MBR and contains the partition table and a program BIOS uses to boot an OS from the drive |
| Microsoft Assessment and Planning (MAP) Toolkit | Software that can be used by a system administrator from a network location to query hundreds of computers in a single scan to determine if a computer qualifies for a Windows upgrade. |
| multiboot | The ability to boot using either of two different OSs, such as Windows 8 and Windows 7. |
| Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) license | A software license that only manufacturers or builders of personal computers can purchase to be installed only on a computer intended for sale. |
| Preboot execution Environment or Pre-Execution Environment (PXE) | Programming contained in the UEFI/BIOS code on the motherboard used to start up the computer and search for a server on the network to provide a bootable operating system. |
| product activation | The process that Microsoft uses to prevent software piracy. For example, once Windows 8 is activated for a particular computer, it cannot be legally installed on another computer. |
| Programs and Features | A window within Control Panel that list the programs installed on a computer, where you can uninstall, change, or repair programs. |
| pull automation | A Windows installation that requires the local user to start the process. |
| push automation | An installation where a server automatically pushes the installation to a computer when a user is not likely to be sitting at the computer. |
| recovery partition | A partition on the hard drive that contains a recovery utility and installation |
| remote network installation | An automated installation where no user intervention is required. |
| repair installation | A reinstallation of Windows using the recovery utility and installation files stored on the recovery partition. |
| scanstate | A command used by the User State Migration Tool (USMT) to copy user settings and data from an old computer to a safe location suach as a server or removable media. |
| Secure Boot | A UEFI feature that prevents a system from booting up with drivers or an OS that are not digitally signed and trusted by the motherboard or computer manufacture. |
| Service pack | A collection of several patches or updates that is installed as a single update to an OS or application. |
| setup UEFI/BIOS | Used to change motherboard settings. For example, you can use it to enable or disable a device on the motherboard, change the date and time that is later passed to the OS, and select the order of boot devices for startup UEFI/BIOS to search when looking f |
| solid-state drive | A hard drive that has no moving parts. |
| standard image | An image that includes Windows, drivers, and applications that are standard to all computers that might use that image. |
| startup UEFI/BIOS | Part of UEFI OR BIOS firmware on the motherboard that is responsible for controlling the computer when it is first turned on. |
| system UEFI/BIOS | UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) or BIOS (basic input/output system) firmware on the motherboard that is used to control essential devices before the OS is loaded. |
| third-party driver | Drivers that are not included in UEFI/BIOS or Windows and must come from the manufacturer. |
| UEFI CSM (Compatibility Support Module) mode | Legacy BIOS in UEFI firmware. |
| unattended installation | A Windows installation that is done by storing the answers to installation questions in a text file or script that Windows calls an answer file so that the answers do not have to be typed in during the installation. |
| Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) | An interface between the firmware on the motherboard and the operating system that improves on legacy BIOS process for booting, handing the boot to the OS, and loading device drivers and applications before the OS loads. UEFI also manages motherboard sett |
| Upgrade Advisor | Software used to find out if a system can be upgraded to Windows 8.1. |
| Upgrade Assistant | Software used to find out if a system can be upgraded to Windows 8.1. |
| upgrade path | A qualifying OS required by Microsoft in order to perform an in-place upgrade. |
| User State Migration Tool (USMT) | A Windows utility that helps you migrate user files and preferences from one computer to another to help a user make a smooth transition from one computer to another. |
| usmtutils | A command used by the User State Migration Tool (USMT) that provide encryption options and hard-link management. |
| vitrual machine (VM) | Software that simulates to hardware of a physical computer, creating one or more logical machines within one physical machines. |
| virtual XP mode | The term used CompTIA for Windows XP mode. |
| volume | A primary partition that has been assigned a drive letter and can be formatted with a file system such as NTFS. |
| Windows 7 | Windows 7 editions include Windows 7 Starter, Windows 7 Home Basic, Windows 7 Home Premium, Windows 7 Professional, Windows 7 Enterprise, and Windows 7 Ultimate. Each Edition come at a different price with different features and capabilities. |
| Windows 8.1 | A free update or release of the Windows 8 operating system. The edition of choice for a laptop or desktop computer used in a home or small office. |
| Windows 8.1 Enterprise | A Windows 8 edition that allows for volume licensing in a large corporate environment. |
| Windows 8.1 Pro for Students | A version of Windows 8 that includes all the same features for Windows 8 Pro, but at a lower price, available only to student, faculty, and staff eligible institutions. |
| Windows 8.1 Professional (Windows 8.1 Pro) | A version of Windows 8 that includes additional features at a higher price. Windows 8 Pro supports homegroups, joining a domain, BitLocker, Client Hyper-V, Remote Desktop, and Group Policy. |
| Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit (ADK) | The Windows ADK for Windows 8 contains a group of tools used to deploy Windows 8 in a large organization and contains the User State Migration Tool (USMT). |
| Windows Automated Installation Kit (AIK) | The Windows AIK for Windows 7 contains a group of tools used to deploy Windows 7 in a large organization and contains the User State Migration Tool (USMT). |
| Windows Defender | Anti-malware software embedded in Windows 8 that can detect, prevent, and clean up a system infected with viruses and other malware. |
| Windows Easy Transfer | A Windows tool used to transfer Windows 8/7/Vista user data and preferences to the Windows 8/7/Vista installations on another computer. |
| Windows Preinstallation Environment (Windows PE) | A minimum operating system used to start the Windows installation |
| Windows Pro Pack | An upgrade available to Windows 8 that adds to the functionality Windows 8.1 Pro to the more basic edition. |
| Windows RT | A Windows 8 edition that is a lighter version, designed for tablets, notebooks, and other mobile devices. |
| Windows Vista | Windows Vista editions include Windows Vista Starter, Windows Vista Home Basic, Windows Vista Home Premium, Windows Vista Business, Windows Vista Enterprise, and Windows Vista Ultimate. Each edition comes at a different prices with different features and |
| Window XP Mode | A Windows XP environment installed in Windows 8/7 that can be used to support older applications. |
| Windows.old folder | When using an unformatted hard drive for a clean installation, this folder is created to store the previous operating system and user profiles. |
| zero-touch, high-volume deployment | An installation strategy that does not require the user to start the process. Instead a server pushes the installation to a computer when the user is not likely to be sitting at it. |
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drewtang40
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