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A&P 2
A&P 2 Preparation to final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is the space between the upper and lower eyelids? a. palpebral fissue b. lavator palpebrae c. lacrimal caruncle d. lateral commissure | palpebral fissure |
| Which of the following special senses are chemical senses? a. taste and vision b. vision and smell c.smell and vision d. taste and smell | taste and smell |
| Which of the following area/s house the olfactory epithelium? a. over the lower nasal septum b. over the superior nasal concha c. interior surface of the Cribriform plate d. over the middle nasal concha | interior surface of the Cribriform plate |
| All of the following are the cells of the olfactory membrane EXCEPT: a. Ganglion cells b. Olfactory receptor cells c. Supporting cells d. Basal cells | Ganglion cells |
| What of the following is NOT TRUE of eye lens? a. it is avascular b. it is held by suspensory ligament c. it is translucent d. it focuses light on fovea of retina | it is translucent |
| Adaptation of the olfactory sense to the continued presentation of an odorant a. occurs rapidly b. increases sensitivity to that odorant c. occurs slowly d. does not occur | occurs rapidly |
| Olfactory nerves enter the brain through which of the following structures? a. perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone b. cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone c. sella turcica of the sphenoid bone d. superior nasal concha | cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone |
| Which of the following is the correct match of the nerve supply and actions of iris muscle? a. circular muscle: sympathetic b. radial muscle: constricts pupil c. circular muscle: constricts pupil d. radial muscle: parasympathetic | circular muscle: constricts pupil |
| Which of the following area of the brain is the location of the primary olfactory cortex? a. occipital lobe b. parietal lobe c. frontal lobe d. temporal lobe | temporal lobe |
| Hyposmia is a reduced ability to smell. Which of the following conditions can cause Hyposmia? a. motor neuron disease b. head injury c. trigeminal neuralgia d. all of the above | head injury |
| Which of the following structures of the eye provides shape and support to the eyeball? a. sclera b. iris c. choroid d. ciliary muscle e. ciliary body | sclera |
| Which of the following structures of the eye alters the shape of the lens? a. sclera b. iris c. choroid d. ciliary muscle e. ciliary body | ciliary muscle |
| Which of the following is NOT a primary sense of taste? a. coffee taste b. salt taste c. bitter taste c. sour taste | coffee taste |
| These receptor cells provide for the sense of taste. a. olfactory hair cells b. pacinian corpuscles c. basal stem cells d. gustatory cells | gustatory cells |
| Which of the following types of papillae do NOT contain taste buds? a. vallate b. foliate c. fungiform d. filiform | filiform |
| Which of papilla has the maximum number of taste buds? a. vallate b. fungiform c. foliate d. filiform | vallate |
| Which of the following nerves conducts impulses associated with the sense of gustation? a. vestibulocochlear b. vagus c. trigeminal d. spinal accessory | vagus |
| Which of the following lobes of the brain in the location of the primary gustatory area? a. occipital lobe b. parietal lobe c. frontal lobe d. temporal lobe | parietal lobe |
| Which is NOT considered an accessory structure of the eye? a. eyelashes b. lacrimal apparatus c. eyebrow d. retina | retina |
| Which of the following structures of the eye produces aqueous humor? a. sclera b. iris c. choroid d. ciliary muscle e. ciliary body | ciliary body |
| Which of the following connective tissue sheath does wrap the fascicle of the nerves? a. perineurim b. epineurium c. endoneurium d. myoneurium | perineurium |
| Wrist drop is caused an injury to the brachial palsy. Which nerve injury causes this? a. radial nerve b. ulnar nerve c. musculocutaneous nerve d. medial nerve | radial nerve |
| Which of the following nerve injury causes inability to adduct the tight? a. tibial nerve b. planer nerve c. obturator nerve d. common paroneal nerve | obturator nerve |
| Which nerve roots participate in the formation of the lumbar plexus? a. ventral rami of L2 to L5 b. dorsal rami of L2 to L5 c. ventral rami of L1 to L4 d. dorsal rami of L1 to L4 | ventral rami of L1 to L4 |
| Which of the following connective tissue sheath does wrap the entire nerve? a. perineurium b. epineurium c. endoneurium d. myoneurium | epineurium |
| Which of the following nerve cause footdrop? a. tibial nerve b. planer nerves c. obturator nerve c. obturator nerve | obturator nerve |
| Which of the following are receptors of the stretch reflex? a. exteroceptors b. tendon organs c. interoceptors d. muscle spindle | muscle spindle |
| The reflex which involves contraction of skeletal muscles is called a. spinal reflex b. somatic reflex c. autonomic reflex d. cranial reflex | somatic reflex |
| Which of the following parts of the reflex arc would have a cell body in the posterior root ganglion? a. sensory receptor cell b. sensory neuron c. motor neuron d. interneuron | sensory neuron |
| Obturator nerve is a branch of which of the following plexuses? a. cervical plexus b. sacral plexus c. brahial plexus d. lumbar plexus | lumber plexus |
| What are two major branches of the sciatic nerve? a. tibial and femoral nerves b. common paroneal and planter nerves c. tibial and common paroneal nerves d. medial and lateral planter nerves | tibial and common paroneal nerves |
| Number of cervical nerves are: a. 6 pairs b. 7 pairs c. 8 pairs d. 12 pairs | 8 pairs |
| A nerve fiber is: a. nerve fascicle b. nerve dendrite c. nerve cell body d. nerve axon | nerve axon |
| What are the structures supplied by the ventral ramus of the spinal nerves? a. skin of the back b. anterior trunk c. muscles of the back d. limbs | anterior trunk |
| Which of the following parts of a nervous reflex arc is usually a muscle or gland? a. sensory receptor b. sensory neuron c. motor neuron d. effector | effector |
| What are the responses of the muscles in tendon reflex? (choose 2 answers) a. agonist muscle contracts b. antagonist muscle contracts c. agonist muscle relaxes d. antagonist muscle relaxes | agonist muscle relaxes antagonist muscle contracts |
| Which branch of the spinal nerve serves the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk? a. meningeal branch b. rami communicantes c. posterior ramus d. anterior ramus | posterior ramus |
| In the flexor and crossed extensor reflexes what is the purpose of the extensor reflex? a. to move the limb from pain b. to fall down c. to maintain balance d. to hold a nearby object | to maintain balance |
| Which of the following branches of the brachial plexus supply the elbow ( forearm) flexors? a. radial nerve b. ulnar nerve c. musculocutaneous nerve d. median nerve | musculocutaneous nerve |
| Which of the following nerve injury causes an inability to extend the leg (knee) and loss of sensation in the skin over the anteromedial aspect of the thigh? a.tibial nerve b. femoral nerve c. obturator nerve d. vagus nerve | Femoral nerve |
| The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is not involved in controlling a. Exocrine glands b. Skeletal muscles c. Cardiac muscle d. Smooth muscle | skeletal muscle |
| Which of the following are types of cholinergic receptors? a. nicotinic and adrenergic receptors b. muscarinic and somatic receptors c. adrenergic and somatic receptors d. nicotinic and muscarinic receptors | nicotinic and muscarinic receptors |
| Which of the following responses is caused by activation of the sympathetic division of the ANS? a. decreases heart rate b. airway dilation c. decreases pupil diameter d. increased gastric motility | airway dilation |
| Which of the following responses is caused by activation of the parasympathetic division? a. increased heart rate b. airway dilation( bronchodilation) c. contraction of the detrusor muscle ( Bladder) d. increased pupil diameter ( dilation) | contraction of the detrusor muscle (Bladder) |
| What are the neurotransmitter at the level of the ganglia of the autonomic nervous system? a. acetylcholine b. norepinephrine c. dopamine d. epinephrine | acetylcholine |
| Adrenergic ß1 receptors are located in which of the following organs? a. eye b. internal urethral sphincter c. blood vessel d. heart | heart |
| Adrenergic ß2 receptors are located in which of the following organs? a. eye b. internal urethral sphincter c. intestines d. uterus | uterus |
| Which of the following is the action of the sympathetic nervous system stimulation? a. pupillary constriction b. copious salivary secretion c. decreased heart rate d. contraction of detrusor muscle (Bladder) | pupillary constriction |
| Which of the following is the action of the parasympathetic nervous system stimulation? a. pupillary dilation b. decreased gastrointestinal muscle movement c. dilation of the bronchus ( airway) d. contraction of the detrusor muscle (Bladder) | contraction of the detrusor muscle ( bladder) |
| Which of the following cranial nerves (CN) supply the skin of the face? a. CN III ( oculomotor) b. CN V ( trigeminal) c. CN VII ( facial) d. CN X ( vagus) | CN V (trigeminal) |
| Which of the following is the action of the stimulation of ą1 adrenergic receptors? ( Please choose 2) a. vasoconstriction b. vasodilation c. increased closure of internal sphincter of the bladder d. decrease closure of internal sphincter of the bladder | vasoconstriction increased closure of internal sphincter of the bladder |
| Which of the following is the neurotransmitter at the postganglionic sympathetic nerve ending? a. norepinephrine b. dopamine c. serotonin d. glutamate | norepinephrine |
| a substance that binds to and activates a receptor, mimicking the effect of a natural neurotransmitter or hormone is called: a. agonist b. antagonist c. synergist d. activator | agonist |
| which of the following is true of the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers of the ANS? a. preganglionic axons are myelinated b. postganglionic axons are myelinated c. preganglionic axons extend to the effector organs d. postganglionic axons extend to the ganglion | preganglionic axons are myelinated |
| Which of the following actions do you expect when you stimulate adrenergic ß2 receptors? a. vasoconstriction b. bronchodilation c. increase heart rate d. closure of internal sphincter (bladder) | bronchodilation |
| Which of the following is the action of parasympathetic nervous system on the ciliary muscle and lens of the eye? a. ciliary muscle relax b. lens become less convex c. ciliary muscle contracts d. all of the above | ciliary muscle contracts |
| Which of the following parts of the peripheral nervous system does not have ganglion? a. sympathetic nervous system b. parasympathetic nervous system c. somatic nervous system d. none of the above | somatic nervous system |
| All of the following functions are controlled by autonomic reflexes EXCEPT: a. heart rate b. blood pressure c. blood vessel diameter d. internal sphincter diameter | internal sphincter diameter |
| Which of the following spinal nerve does not have a dermatome? a. C5 b. T7 c. T3 d. C1 | C1 |
| Which of the following is true of adrenergic receptors? a. ą1 receptors are inhibitory b. ß1 receptors are inhibitory c. ß2 receptors are excitatory d. both ą1 and ß1 receptors are excitatory | both ą1 and ß1 receptors are excitatory |
| Which of the following conditions may cause nerve ( Sensorineural) deafness? a. otosclerosis b. perforated eardrum c. damage of hair cells d. large earwax | damage of hair cell |
| Which of the following are considered as otoliths organs? a. ampula b. saccule c. cupula d. utricle | saccule |
| Which of the following are receptors of the dynamic equilibrium? a. crista receptors of the ampula b. macula receptors of the saccule c. hair cell of the organ of Corti d. macula receptors of the utricle | crista receptors of the ampula |
| To maintain equilibrium, the vestibular nuclei send commands to all of the following structure EXCEPT a. opposite ear via CN VII b. eyeball muscles via CN III, IV, and VI c. Head and neck muscles via CN XI d. Skeletal muscles via vestibulospinal tract | opposite ear via CN VII |
| The point at which optic nerve exits from the eyeball is called a. macula lutea b. fovea centralis c. choroid d. optic disc | optic disc |
| The receptor for vision are a. bipolar and ganglion cells b. rods and cones c.rods and bipolar cells d. cones and ganglion cells | rods and cones |
| Which of the following is the content of the posterior cavity of the eyeball? a. aqueous humor b. vitreous humor c. tear d. endolymph | vitreous humor |
| What lies between iris and cornea? a. vitreous humor b. anterior chamber c. posterior chamber d. ciliary body | anterior chamber |
| At which region of the visual pathway the verve fibers cross to the opposite side? a. optic chiasma b. optic tract c. optic radiation d. optic nerve | optic chiasma |
| Which of the following can cause benign positional vertigo? a. otolith in the utricle b. otolith in the semicircular canal c. otolith on the cochlea d. otolith in the saccule | otolith in the semicircular canal |
| In myopia, the eyeball is __________, and it is corrected by a ______ lens. a. long, convex b. short, concave c. short, convex d. long, concave | long, concave |
| Which structure does form partition between the external auditory canal and the middle ear? a. basilar membrane b. tympanic membrane c. tectorial membrane d. pinna | tympanic membrane |
| All of the following are the ossicle of the middle ear cavity EXCEPT a. malleus b. tarsus c. stapes d. incus | tarsus |
| What are the functions of the tensor tympany muscles? ( Please choose 2) a. limits movement of malleus b. prevents very large vibration of stapes c. stiffens eardrum relaxes the Eustachian tube | limits movement of malleus prevents very large vibration of stapes |
| Which middle ear ossicles is applied to the oval window of the inner ear? a. malleus b. tarsus c. stapes d. incus | stapes |
| Which of the following channels of the cochlea has endolymph? a. scala vestibuli b. scala tympany c. cochlear membrane d. all of the above | cochlear membrane |
| Which of the following considered as the organ of hearing? a. basilar membrane b. helicotrema c. otoliths d. organ of corti | organ of corti |
| Which of the following is /are receptor/s of hearing? a. hair cells b. cupola c. otoliths d. organ of corti | organ of corti |
| In the events of the pathway of hearing, which of the following event happens last? a. stapes moves against oval window b. stereocilia bend against tectorial membrane c. stapes moves against oval window d. waves generated in the endolymph | stereocilia bend against tectorial membrane |
| Which of the following ions enter the hair cells in response to mechanical deformation of hair cells thereby causing depolarization? a. Na+ (Sodium) b. K + ( Potassium) c. CL- ( Chloride) d. HCO3- ( Bicarbonate) | K + ( Potassium) |
| Which of the following does NOT contain endocrine tissue? a. hypothalamus b. thymus c. heart d. gall bladder | gall bladder |
| Which of the following is NOT true of the adrenal gland? a. it lies superior to the kidney b. it has an outer medulla and an inner cortex c. adrenal cortex has 3 zones cells d. adrenal medullas secretes epinephrine and norepinefrin | it has an outer medulla and an inner cortex |
| Which adrenal cortex is/are correctly matched to its produce hormones? a. the zona fasciculata: secrets mineralocorticoids b. the zone glomerulosa: secrets glucocoticoids c. the zona reticularis: secretes androgen d. all the above matched | all the above matched |
| Which blood glucose-lowering hormone is produced by the pancreatic islet cells? a. Insulin b. Glucagon c. Pancreatic polypeptide d. Calcitonin | Insulin |
| Which of the following endocrine glads produce hormones which produce effect similar to fight or flight responses? a. adrenal medulla b. pancreas c. thyroid gland d. parathyroid gland | adrenal medulla |
| Which of the following hormones is correctly matched to its source and functions? a. melatonin: thymus b. thymosin: thyroid gland c. gastrin: pancrease d. erythropoietin: kidney | erythropoietin: kidney |
| Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland? a. Thyroid gland b. adrenal gland c. sudoriferous gland d. pituitary gland | sudoriferous gland |
| The hormone that is produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland is a. parathyroid hormone b. triiodothyronine c. thyroxine d. calcitonin | calcitonin |
| Concerning the actions of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone: a. both calcitonin and parathyroid hormone increase blood calcium levels b. both calcitonin and parathyroid hormone decrease blood calcium levels c. calcitonin increases and parathyroid hormone decreases blood calcium levels d. calcitonin decreases and parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels | calcitonin decreases and parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels |
| Which of the following does not describe a step in the synthesis and secretions of T3 and T4? a. iodine trapping b. coupling of T1 and T2 c. synthesis of calcitonin d. iodination of tyrosine | synthesis of calcitonin |
| The parathyroid glads: a. are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland b. contain islets of Langerhans cells, which secrete PTH c. Regulates homeostasis of blood sugar d. are two in number | are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland |
| Which of the following hormones opposes the action of parathyroid hormone in calcium a. thyroxine b. insulin c. calcitonin d. calcitriol | c. calcitonin |
| Which of the following is common effect of glucocorticoid stimulation? a. lowers blood sugar b. decreases protein breakdown c. stimulation of immune responses d. reduction of inflammation | reduction of inflammation |
| Which hormone is released in response to decreases in blood glucose concentration? a. insulin b. luteinizing hormone c. glucagon d. parathyroid hormone | glucagon |
| Which of the following hormones promotes increases in the basal metabolic rate (BMR)? a. insulin b. cortisol c. calcitonin d. thyroid hormones | thyroid hormones |
| Which of the choices below is a type of hormone that act as neighboring cell without entering the bloodstream? (choose 2) a. local hormone b. paracrine c. autocrine d. circulating hormone | local hormone paracrine |
| Parathyroid hormone is the major regulator of the plasma concentration of which of the following ions? a. calcium b. sodium c. potassium d. chloride | calcium |
| An excess of hormones in the blood may cause target organs to decrease the number of receptors for that hormone in a process called a. negative feedback b. receptor inhibition c. down regulation c. positive feedback | down regulation |
| Which of the following is needed for the formation of hormones by the thyroid gland? a. zinc b. calcium c. iodide d. phorphate | iodide |
| Which of the following endocrine glands produce hormones that promote the proliferation and maturation of T cells which are involved in immunity? a. pineal gland b. thymus gland c. thyroid gland d. adrenal gland | thymus gland |
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bklana52
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