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Session 1 Phys- Skin
Physio- Skin lecture for PA 2011
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List the major functions of Skin | Protection, Thermoregulation, Osmoregulation, Sensory Perception, Excretion, Metabolic Function(Vit D synthesis), Absorption of UV Radiation. |
| What are the two basic layers of skin and what seperates them | Epidermis and Dermis seperated by basal lamina |
| What is the primary function of the Epidermis | protection |
| Where is thick skin found | palms and soles of feet. |
| What are the cells of the epidermis called and what is there function | keratinocytes extracellular water barrier |
| What are the layers of the epidermis starting from innermost layer | Stratum Basale, Stratum spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Luciderm (only in thick skin) and Stratum Corneum |
| What are the characteristics of stratum basale | keratinocytes attached to basal layer these are the cells that divide to make the next layers |
| What are the char of stratum spinosum | thickest epidermal layer start to fill with tonofilaments and are attached together by desmosomes. |
| What are the char of stratum granulosum | most superficial layer that still has nuclei they produce karatohyalin granules and then exocytose the granules contents from apical end that covers the cells in a lipid layer that provides water barrier of epidermis. |
| What are the char of stratum lucidum | only seen in thick skin. Nuclein and organelles degenerate and skin is filled with keratin filaments |
| What are the char of stratum corneum | several layers of flat fully keratinized cells. as they loose there desmosome attachments they are known as squames |
| How often does skin turnover | every 20-30 days |
| what is keratinization | cells in the granulosum are converted to fully keratinized cells of the stratum corneum. Converting tonofilaments into keratin filaments. |
| What is keratin and what are the major monomers of keratin found in the epidermis | intermediate filament common to all epithelial cells. K5 and K14 monoers found in basal keratinocytes, K1 and k10 synthesized in spinosum replace k5 and K14 |
| What are melanocytes | cell in the epidermis that produce pigment melanin |
| Which melanin is brown-black and which type of melanin is reddish-yellow | Eumelanin is brown-black, and Pheomelanin is red-yellow. |
| What is tyrosinase | enzyme that converts tyrosine, into dopa and then dopa to melanin. |
| How does melanin get into the keratinocyte | melanin is stored in melanosomes which get exocytosed and then phagocytosized into the keratinocyte. |
| What are langerhans cells | phagocytic cells derived from bone marrow precursor they stimulate t lymphocytes and serve as antigen presenting cells. |
Created by:
smaxsmith
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