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APCSP FExam Rev
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Overflow | (error that results when the number of bits is not enough to hold the number, like a car’s odometer “rolling over”), |
| Round-off | (error that results when the number of bits is not enough to represent the actual number, like 3 digits to represent π as 3.14) |
| Lossy | (Compressing data in a way that throws some data away and makes it almost impossible to recover the original, great compression, like JPEG images) |
| Lossless | (Compressing data in a way that preserves all data away and allows full recovery of the original, good compression -- usually not as good as lossy, like PNG images) |
| Metadata | (data about data, like a camera storing the location, aperture, shutter speed, etc. for a digital photo) |
| Sequencing | code flows line by line, one after another, like a recipe |
| Iteration | (using a looping control structure, like while, for, foreach, repeat, repeat-until, etc |
| Selection | a boolean condition to determine which of two algorithmic paths are taken, aka if-then |
| Reasonable time | polynomial in the number of steps an algorithm takes in the worst case based on the input size |
| Not reasonable time | Usually exponential in the number of steps, like doubling every time your input grows by one |
| Heuristic | using a “rule” to guide an algorithm, like always walking toward the north star if you were stuck in a forest |
| Undecidable | A problem that is so difficult, we can’t ever create an algorithm that would be able to answer yes or no for all inputs. like determining if a user’s program run on some input would always stop and not run forever) |
| Linear vs. Binary search | Going one by one vs starting in the middle and going left/right like looking for a word in the dictionary -- binary search requires the list to be sorted in order |
| API's | Application Programming Interface, how you define libraries and call them |
| Network | A computer network is a group of two or more computers that are linked together. |
| World Wide Web | An Internet application that is based on the HTTP protocol |
| Client | computer or software application that requests services from a server located on the internet -- e.g., a Web browser is an example of a client. |
| SMTP/POP | Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and Post Office Protocol (POP) are sets of rules that govern the email servcies. |
| URL | WWW identier that uniquely identifies a resource on the WWW |
| Protocol | A protocol is a system of rules that govern the behavior of some system. |
| Modem | a device that connects a computer to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) |
| Ethernet | An ethernet is a network that uses wires to connect computers. |
| Host | An Internet host computer is a computer that's connected directly to the Internet -- often a computer that provides certain services or resources. |
| LAN | network that connects computers within a school or home. |
| WAN | network that connects devices over a broad geographic region -- e.g., a telephone network. |
| Server | a computer connected to the Internet that provides some kind of service -- e.g., Google's Gmail service. |
| HTTP | The HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the set of rules that governs the WWW application. |
| HTML | is a language for formatting Web pages. |
| Router | a device that transmits data between two different networks. |
| Internet Service Provider | a company that provides customers with Internet access. |
| Wifi | network uses radio waves to connect devices (computers, smart phones, printers). |
| host | computer is a computer that's connected directly to the Internet -- often a computer that provides certain services or resources. |
| router | a device that transmits data between two different networks. |
| IP Address | a unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network. |
| packet | collection of data used by the TCP/IP protocol to transmit data across the Internet. Each packet contains routing data as well as the content of the message. |
| packet switching | method by which information is transmitted through the Internet. Information is broken into packets and each packet is routed independently from source to destination. |
| abstraction layers | The Internet is organized into the link layer (Ethernet protocol), the Internet layer (IP), transport layer (TCP), and application layer (HTTP). |
| cipher | a system for creating secret messages |
| cryptography | 'secret writing'. The art and science of writing secret messages. |
| encryption | the process of using a secret key to convert plaintext into ciphertext. |
| plaintext | an unreadable, secret message. |
| ciphertext | an unreadable, secret message. |
| decryption | the process of using a secret key to convert ciphertext into plaintext. |
| encryption key | a piece of secret data used in by encryption and decryption algorithms |
Created by:
mgarda
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