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A&P 1 &2
anatomy and physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| diffusion of molecules requiring carrier enzymes | facilitated diffusion |
| the engulfing of something by a moving cell | phagocytosis |
| the engulfing of something by a stationary cell | pinocytosis |
| the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane | osmosis |
| the movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration | diffusion |
| water and dissoved materials move through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure | filtration |
| the use of energy to move molecules from an area of lesser conventration to an area of greater concentration | active transport |
| columnar cells with cilia on their free surface | ciliated epithelium |
| many layers of cells, surface cells are alternating round or flat permits streching | transitional epithlium |
| one layer of flat cells forming the alveoli of the lungs, capillaries and permits gas exchange | simple squamous |
| many layers of cells with cell surface being flat, forming epidermis of the skin and the lining of the mouth and esophagus | stratified squamous |
| one layer of cube shaped cells | simple cuboidal |
| one layer of cells that are taller than they are wide | simple columnar |
| carries impulses from cell body | axon |
| carries impulses toward the cell body | dendrite |
| contains nucleus | cell body |
| unicellular gland that consits of only one cell | goblet cell |
| in tendons and ligaments and are strong to withstand forces of movement | fibrous connective tissue |
| withing the walls of the trachea and supports to keep the airway open | cartilage |
| in the subcutaneous and stores excess energy and helps cushion eyes and kidneys | adipose tissue |
| within blood vessels and carries various cells and transports materials | blood |
| wall of large arteries to help maintain blood pressure and in lungs to promote normal exhalation | elasic connective tissue |
| in subcutaneous and connect skin to muscles and has WBC to prevent pathogen entry | areolare conective tissue |
| supports the body and protects internal organs and stores calcium | bone |
| glands that have no ducts | endocrine |
| glands that have ducts | exocrine |
| one diploid cell divides into two cells with 46 chromosomes | mitosis |
| one cell divides twice into four haploid cells | meiosis |
| arterioles in the dermis constrict to decrease the blood flow | vasoconstriction |
| air currents move warmer air away from the skin suface ancd facilitate heat loss | convection |
| heat from the body is transferred to cooler objects not touching the skin | radiation |
| the loss of heat to cooler air or objects that touch the skin | conduction |
| changing water to vapor on the skin surface to fcacilitate heat loss | evaporation |
| arterioles in the dermis dilate or expand to increase blood flow | vasodilation |
| fomation of molecules into larger ones | anabolism |
| decomposition of molecules | catabolism |
| all of the reactions that take place in the body | metabolism |
| carry a positive charge | cations |
| carry a negative charge | anions |
| excessive H+ ions are retained | metabolic acidosis |
| co2 is not exhaled and increases in the body | respiratory acidosis |
| thereis a decreased of h+ ions | metabolic alkalosis |
| co2 is exhaled excessively and causes hyperventilation | respiratory alkalosis |
| caused by external factors such as viruses, chemical, or radiation exposure | mutations |
| determining the priority of care | triage |
| severe systemic allergic response which left untreated can result in death | anaphylaxis |
| sudden onset severe in intensity and usually short in duration | acute |
| less severe and has a duration longer than six months | chronic |
| comes and goes and usually has a brief duration and is not often isgnificant | transient |
| usually generated by nerve damage | intractable |
| simple single celled organism found everywhere | bacteria |
| not celled require a living cell to enter and to reproduce | virus |
| single celled animals most live in water | protozoa |
| unicellular or multicellular structure which decompose matter in soil | fungi |
| multicellular animals free lining and non pathogenic | worms |
| multicellular animals which serve as vectors | arthropods |
| natural population of microorganisms living on or in us | normal flora |
| BACTERIA THAT LIvE IN SPECIFIC SITES AND DO NOT CAUSE DISEASE | RESIDENT FLORA |
| bacteria that are found periodically on or in body | transient flora |
| symptoms are evident | symptomatic |
| no symptoms evident | asymptomatic |
| confined to one area of the body | localized |
| pathogen has spread throughouat the body by way of the blood or lymph | systemic |
| bacteria are present in the blood and are being circulated throughout the body | bacteremia/septicemia |
| an infection made possible by a primary ingection that has lowered the hosts resistance | secondary |
| infections that are acquired in the hospital | nosocomial |
| period of exposure before symptoms appear | incubation |
| vague non specific symptoms may appear | prodromal |
| specific symptoms of the illness appear | invasion |
| the height or worst of the disease | acme |
| the host recovers or death occurs | recovery |
| nosocomial infection caused by the patients own normal flora | enogenous |
| an outbreak of a disease with more than the usual number of cases in a given period of time | epidemic |
| an outbreak of a disease in a population with a expeccted or usual number of cases in a given period of time | endemic |
| an epidemic that has spread throughout several countries | pandemic |
| animal diseases that can cross species | zoonoses |
| desiasee which cant be transmitted directly | NON COMMUNICABLE |
| disiases which can be trasnsmitted directly | communicable |
| easily spread | contagious |
| sphere shape | coccus |
| rod shaped | bacillus |
| long with curves | spirillum |
| cluster of cells | staphylo |
| chains of cells | strepto |
| pairs of cells | diplo |
| chemical that destroys bacteria on a living being | antiseptic |
| chemical that is used on inanimate objects | disinfectant |
| kills bacteria by disrupting important metabolic process | bactericides |
| chemicals do not destroy bacteria but inhibit their reproduction and slow their growth | bacteriostatic |
| process that destroys all living organisms | sterlization |
| dominant state of bacteria | spores |
| chemicals produced by bacteria that are harmful to host | toxins |
| spell DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| some viruses can cross the placenta and affect developing fetuses | HIV, chicken pox, german measles |
| four types of bonds | covalent,ionic,hydrogen,disulfied |
Created by:
tonja
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