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periodontics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| periodontology | the study of treatment of diseases of the tissues around the teeth |
| periodontium | tissues around the teeth |
| gingiva | fibrous, epithelial tissue surrounding a tooth; may be divided into three types |
| attached gingiva | the portion that is firm, dense, stippled, and bound to the underlying periosteum, tooth, and bone |
| keratinized | hard or bony tissue |
| mucogingival border | where the gingiva and mucous membrane unite, indicated by the color change from pink gingiva to red mucosa |
| marginal gingiva | the portion that is unattached to underlying tissues and helps to form the sides of the gingival crevice |
| sulcus | groove |
| papillary gingiva | the part of the marginal gingiva that occupies the interproximal spaces also called interdental papilla |
| periodontal ligaments | bundles of fibers that support and retain the tooth in the socket |
| cementum | outer, hard surface covering the root section of the tooth |
| alveolar bone process | compact bone that forms the tooth socket; supported by stronger bone tissue of the mandible and maxilla and accepts periodontal fiber attachment the alveolar process make up the cribriform plate to form and line the tooth socket. |
| alveolar crest fibers | found at the cementoenamel junction; help to retain the tooth in its socket and protect the deeper fibers |
| horizontal fibers | connect the alveolar bone to the upper part of the root and assist with control of lateral movement |
| oblique fibers | attach the alveolar socket to the majority of the root cementum and assist in resisting the axial forces |
| apical fiber bundles | running from the apex of the tooth to the alveolar bone, fibers that help to prevent tipping and dislocation, as well as protect nerve and blood supply to the tooth |
| interradicular fiber bundles | are present in multirooted teeth, extending apically from the tooth furcation; help the tooth resist tipping, turning, and dislocation |
| plaque | plate or buildup |
| pellicle | film which harbors an assortment of bacterial pathogens and enables plaque to build up |
| erythema | the gingiva is red and appears inflamed |
| edema | overgrown tissue |
| hyperplasia | excessive number of tissue cells |
| hypertrophy | excessice celluar growth |
| stippling | spotting |
| exudate | passing out of pus |
| dental plaque involvement | tissues react to irritants |
| dental plaque with sustemic factors included | pregnancy, hormone, medication, or malnurition may modify and intensify the disease course of action; sometimes called induced gingivitis |
| non-dental plaque lesions | these are of specific bacterial, viral, fungal, or genetic origin, such as gonorrhea, herpes, and candida infections |
| allergies | the patient may be allergic to dental restorative materials, reactions to foods, additives, and so forth |
| traumatic lesions, injury | the patient may have been subjected to an external force or have been injured in some way |
| chronic periodontitis | perviously termed adult periodontitis, this is the most common type of slowly progressive periodontal disease |
| aggressive periodontitis | perviously termed early-onset periodontitis, this is a rapidly progressive disease |
| refractory periodontitis | the periodontitis progresses in spit of excellent patent complaince and provision of periodontal therapy |
| desquamative | shedding or scaling off |
| periodontitis as manifestation of systemic disease | periodontal inflammatory reactions occur as a result of diseases and genetic disorders |
| necrotizing periodontal disease | rapid gingival distruction with bacterial invasion of connective tissue may be a manifestation of systemic disease, such as HIV infection |
| necrotizing ulcerative gingivits | with a foul odor and a loss of interdental papilla, sometimes called "trench mouth" |
| necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis | with bone pain and rapid bone loss |
| periodontitis associated with endodontic lesions | this simple classification was added to distinguish between periodontitis with endodontic inflammation involvement |
| developmental or acquired deformities and conditions | deformities appear around teeth, edentulous ridges, and form trauma |
| medical history | questions regarding diabetes, pregnancy, smoking, hypertension, dedication, substance abuse, and so forth |
| dental history | chief complaint, past dental records, and radiographs; complete assesment of resoration condition, tooth position, mobility |
| extraoral structure assessment | exam of oral mucosa, muscles of mastication, lips, floor of mouth, tongue, palate, salivary glands, and the oropharynx area |
| periodontal probing depths | charting and recording findings of probe depths, assessing plaque and calculus presence, soft tissue, and implant conditions |
| assessing intraoral findings | exam for tories, abnormal frenum placement and size, furcation involvement |
| index | measurement of conditions to a standard |
| periodontal debridement | removing supragingival and subgingival plaque, calculus, stain, and irritants through tooth-crown and root-surface scaling and root planing |
| tooth and surface polishing | polishing surfaces to remove accumulated extrinsic(outer) stains and endotoxins(absorbed pathogens) |
| selective polishing | term applied to the polishing of chosed tooth sites or areas |
| prophylaxis | term applied to the combination of debridement and tooth polishing; used for purposes of insurance and scheduling |
| patient educatio | customized instruction in oral hygiene |
| correction of plaque retention factors | dental intervention in exsisting conditons of open contacts, overcrowding, open or overhanging restoration margins, narrowenbrasures, and ill-fitting appliances |
| monitoring of patient | determination of progress and reevaluation of patient condition and efforts |
| mucogingival excision | used to correct defects in shape, position, or amount of gingiva aroun the tooth |
| gingivectomy | excision of gum tissue area |
| gingivoplasty | surgical contour of gingival tissue |
| periodontal flap surgery | separating a loosened sextion of tissue from the adjacent tissues to enable elimination of deposits and contouring of alveolar bone |
| envelope flap | no vertical incision with the mucoperiosteal flap retracted from a horizontal inision line |
| mucoperiosteal | mucosal tissue flap including the periosteum, reflected from the bone |
| partial-thickness flap | surgical flap including mucosa and connective tissue but no periosteum |
| pedicle flap | tissue flap with lateral incisions |
| positioned flap | flap that is moved to a new position, apically, lateraly, or coronally |
| repositioned flap | surgical flap replaced in its original position |
| sliding flap | pedicle flap re-situated in a new position |
| osseous surgery | tissue surgery with alteration in bony support of the teeth |
| re-entry | second-stage surgical procedure to enhance or improve conditions from a pervious surgical procedure |
| vestibuloplasty | surgical alteration of gingival mucous membrane in vestibule of the mouth |
| ENAP | (excisional new attachment procedure) removal of chronically inflamed soft tissue to permit formation of new tissue attachment |
| guided tissue regeneration | placement of semipermeable membrane beneath the flap to prevent ingrowth of epithelium between the flap and the defect |
| allograft | human bone graft from someone other than the patient |
| bone graft | involves transplants to restore bone loss from periodontal disease |
| autograft | bone graft from another site in the same patient |
| xenograft | graft taken from another species, such as cow or pig bone |
| allogenic | addition of synthetic material to repair or rebuild up bone |
| endosteal | implants of various designs placed within the bone |
| subperiosteal | implant placement beneath the periosteum and onto the bone |
| transosteal | implant placement through the bone |
| endodontic | implant set within the apex of the root |
Created by:
b_nybabe101
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