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A+ 901 CH6
Supporting hard drives and other storage devices
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| NAND flash memory | The type of memory used in solid-state drives (SSD). NAND stands for “Not AND” and refers to the LOGIC used when storing a one or zero in the GRID of rows and columns on the memory chip. |
| What is the lifespan of an SSD based on? | The number of write operations |
| What three types of technologies are used inside hard drives? | Solid State (SSD), magnetic, hybrid |
| At what 3 speeds (in RPM) might the spinle inside a hard drive rotate? | 5400, 7200, 10,000 |
| When the OS addresses the sectors on a hard drive as one long list of sequential sectors, what is this technology called? | LBA (logical block addressing) - type of addressing used by the HD firmware, UEFI/BIOS, and the OS |
| S.M.A.R.T | Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology - Used by UEFI/BIOS to predict when drive is likely to fail. Supported by SSD, and magnetic drives. Can be enabled/disabled in UEFI/BIOS |
| What is IDE? | Integrated Drive Electronics - AKA: PATA. Used with older drives |
| How many pins do IDE connectors have? | 40 |
| SATA I data transfer rate | 1.5 GB/sec |
| SATA II data transfer rate | 3 GB/sec |
| SATA III data transfer rate | 6 GB/sec |
| A SATA drive connects to one internal SATA connector on the motherboard by way of a _____-pin SATA data cable and uses a _____-pin SATA power connector (see Figure 6-6) | 7; 15 |
| What's the max length of an eSATA cable? | 2 meters |
| external SATA | A standard for external drives based on SATA that uses a special external shielded SATA cable up to 2 meters long |
| Where can you find the information about the standards that the motherboard supports when selecting a compatible hard drive? | In the UEFI/BIOS setup screen |
| Autodetection | A feature of UEFI/BIOS that detects a new drive and automatically selects the correct drive capacity and configuration, including the best possible standard supported by both the hard drive and the motherboard |
| Factors to consider when purchasing a hard drive | capacity, spindle speed, interface standard, cache or buffer size |
| What is the most common spindle speed of a hard drive? | 7200 RPM |
| Buffer size range for a hard drive (range) | 2 MB to 128 MB |
| When would you want to consider using a SATA controller card? | (1) the motherboard drive connectors are not functioning, or (2) the motherboard does not support a fast SATA standard that your hard drives use |
| What might you use to connect a power supply to a hard drive? | 15-pin SATA or 4-pin Molex |
| What's the typical size for a laptop hard drive? | 2.5 or 1.8 inches wide |
| What can you use to transfer data from an old drive to a new, upgraded drive in a LAPTOP? | A USB-to-SATA converter |
| JBOD | Spanning (just a bunch of disks). Uses 2 hard drives to hold a single Windows volume. Writes to 1st drive, then the 2nd when the first is full |
| RAID 0 | Sriped. Writes to the disks evenly across all disks. Improved performance. Preferred to spanning. |
| RAID 1 | Mirrored volume. Duplicates data on one drive to another. Used for fault tolerance. |
| RAID 5 | Striped, with parity checking. If one drive fails, the data on the failed drive is re-created using parity information. Makes better use of volume capacity. Increased performance AND fault tolerance |
| RAID 10 | Striped & Mirrored. Data is striped across pairs of mirrored disks. Needs at least 4 disks. Best redundancy and performance |
| How is RAID configured? | Hardware or software level. Best practice (and faster) is hardware level |
| When configuring a RAID 5 (parity) with 3 Disks, what are the options for Strip size? | 32/64/128 KB |
| Things to remember when installing a hard drive | Autodetect is enabled - cables are securely seated - memory modules are securely seated (may receive POST beeps if not) |
| How is a NAS connected? | USB or eSATA port |
| What is WORM | write once and read many. available on some tape drives and tape catridges. |
| Max capacity for current magnetic tapes | 185 TB |
| What is the size of a full-sized data cartridge? | 4 x 6 x 5/8" |
| What is the size of a tape minicartridge? What sized drive bay do they fit into? | 3-1/4 x 2-1/2 x 3/5" .... 3-inch drive bay |
| What is the storage capacity of a DDS-5 (native/compressed) | 36/72 GB |
| DDS | digital data storage - a common type of tape catridge |
| LTO | Linear tape open |
| What is the storage capacity of LTO Ultrium 5 (native/compressed) | 1.5/3.0 TB |
| What is the storage capacity of DLT-4 (native/compressed)? | 40/80 GB |
| What is the storage capacity of SDLT (native/compressed)? | 300/600 GB |
| What is the storage capacity of S-AIT (advanced intelligent tape) | 1.3 TB compressed |
| What is the capacity of SLR140? (native/compressed) | 70/140 GB |
| NTFS | new technology file system |
| FAT | file allocation table |
| What type of file system do SD & SDHC cards use? | FAT |
| What type of file system does SDXC cards use? | exFAT |
| How do you view what type of file system a drive is using? | Go to file explorer, right-click on the drive and select properties |
| What type of drives use the exFAT file system? | large-capacity USB flash drives, memory cards, some external hard drives |
| What type of port might an external drive use? | eSATA, FireWire, USB |
| How many times can you write to a CD-R disc | once |
| DVD-R DL | DVD recordable in dual layers. double storage to 8.5 GB on one surface |
| What type of interface does an internal optical drive use? | SATA |
| List 3 types of solid-state storage | SSD hard drives, USB flash drives, memory cards |
| Capacity of USB flash drives | 128 MB to 1 TB |
| What type of file system do flash drives use? | FAT (for small capacity) or exFAT (for large-capacity) |
| SD standards | 1.x, 2.x (SDHC), and 3.x (SDXC) |
| SD card physical sizes (and max capacities) | Full size/Mini/Micro - 2GB/32GB/2TB (1.x/2.x/3.x) |
| Other flash memory cards | Sony Memory Stick Pro - Compact Flash (CF) - MultiMediaCard (MMC - slower than SD) - eMMC (internal storage for phones, etc) - Memory Stick (Sony cameras and camcorders) - xD-Picture Card (2 GB) |
| Troubleshooting - slow performance hard drive | problem: fragmentation |
| Can you optimize an SSD drive in Windows 7? | No |
| What are the error messages UEFI/BIOS might display if it cannot find a hard drive at POST? | No boot device available - Hard drive not found - OS not found - read/write failure - fixed disk error - invalid boot disk - inaccessible boot device - RAID not found - RAID stops working - numeric error codes in the 1200s or 10400s, Drive not rcognized |
| What other error message might you see if UEFI/BIOS cannot find a hard drive? | S.M.A.R.T. errors during the boot |
| Reasons UEFI might not be able to access the drive | drive, data cable, electrical system, mobo, loose connection |
| Page for Hard drive trouble shooting during the boot | 269 - 272 |
| S.M.A.R.T. | self-monitoring analysis and reporting technology a self-monitoring technology whereby the UEFI/BIOS monitors the health of the hard drive and warns of an impending failure |
| What does SMART measure? | drive performance, temperature, number of write operations |
| SLR | scalable linear recording (versions 1-140) |
| Another name for DDS-5 | DAT72 |
| file system | the overall structure the OS uses to name, store, and organize files on a drive |
| Max capacity of a BD double-side, dual layer | 50 GB |
| Max capacity of a DVD double-side, dual layer (DVD-18) | 15.9 GB |
| How many rewrites can a DVD-RAM handle? | 100,000 (used in camcorders and set-top boxes) |
| DVD-R capacity | 4.7 GB |
| S-AIT | Super advanced intelligent tape |
| Travan (TR-1 through TR-7) Max for TR-7 | 20/40 GB |
| BCD | boot configuration data |
| command prompt used to rebuild the BCD | bootrec /RebuildBCD |
| eMMC | embedded MMC |
| MMC | multimedia card |
| command line utility used to repair the boot sector | bootrec /FixBoot |
| command used to fix problems with the MBR program that is needed to start Windows | bootrec /FixMBR |
| command used to make sure the hard drive does not have bad sectors that can corrupt the file system | chkdsk |
| Startup Repair | utility that restores many of the Windows files needed for a successful boot (8/7/Vista) |
| low-level formatting | a process usually performed at the factory that electronically creates the hard drive tracks and sectors, and tests for bad spots on the disk surface |
| high-level formatting | the type of formatting that Windows does after a drive is installed in a computer |
| command used to erase hard drive partitions | diskpart |
| commands used to erase partition 1 on disk 0 | list disk - select disk 0 - list partition - select partition 1 - clean |
| command used to repair the BCD | bootrec /RebuildBCD |
| Universal file system | used by blu-ray |
| most popular memory cards | SD |
| a small database that holds parameters Windows needs for a successful boot (boot configuration data) | BCD |
| Partitioning | The process by which sector markings are defined on a disk |
Created by:
Dessertine
Popular Computers sets