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Chapter 2 Terms
Security Class
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adware | A software program that delivers advertising content in a manner that is unexpected and unwanted by the user |
| Armored Virus | A virus that goes to great lengths in order to avoid detection |
| Backdoor | Software code that gives access to a program or a service that circumvents normal security protections |
| Bot Herder | An attacker who controls a botnet |
| Botnet | A logical computer network of zombies under the control of an attacker |
| C&C | Command and control |
| Computer Virus | Malicious computer code that that like its biological counterpart reduces itself on the same computer |
| Dumpster Diving | The act of digging through trash receptacles to find information that can be useful in an attack |
| Hoax | A false warning designed to trick users into changing security settings on their computer |
| Impersonation | A social engineering attack that involves masquerading as a real of fictitious character and then playing out the role of that person on a victim |
| Logic Bomb | Computer code that lies dormant until it is triggered by a specific logical event |
| Macro | A series of instructions that can be grouped together as a single command often used to automate a complex set of tasks or a repeated series of tasks |
| Macro Virus | A virus that is written in a script known as a macro |
| Malware | Software that enters a computer system without the users knowledge or consent and then performs an unwanted and usually harmful action |
| Metamorphic Malware | Malware that rewrites its own code and thus appears different each time it is executed |
| Oligomorphic Malware | Malware that changes its internal code to one of a set number of predefined mutations whenever it is executed |
| Pharming | A phishing attack that automatically redirects the user to a fake site |
| Phishing | Sending an email or displaying a web announcement that falsely claims to be from a legitimate enterprise in an attempt to trick the user into surrendering private information |
| Polymorphic Malware | Malware code that completely changes from its original form whenever it is executed |
| Program Virus | A computer virus that infects executable program files |
| Ransomware | Malware that prevents a users device from properly operating until a fee is paid |
| Rootkit | A set of software tools used by an attacker to hide the actions or presence of other types of malicious software |
| Shoulder Surfing | Watching an authorized user enter a security code on a keypad |
| Social Engineering | A means of gathering information for an attack by relying on the weakness of malicious software |
| Spam | Unsolicited email |
| Spyware | A general term used to describe software that spies on users by gathering information without consent |
| Tailgating | When an unauthorized individual enters a restricted-access building by folowing an authorized user |
| Trojan Horse | An executable program that is advertised as performing one activity but which actually performs a malicious activity |
| Typo Squatting | Redirecting a user to a ficticious website based on a misspelling of the url address |
| URL Hijacking | Redirecting a user to a ficticious website based on a misspelling of the url address |
| Vishing | A phishing attack uses telephone calls instead of emails |
| Watering Hole Attack | A malicious attack that is directed toward a small group of specific individuals who visit the same website |
| Whaling | A phishing attack that targets only wealthy individuals |
| Worm | A malicious program designed to enter a computer via a network to take advantage of a vulnerability in an application or an operating system |
| Zombie | An infected computer that is under the remote control of an attacker |
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