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Pharm Principles
Pathopharm Exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Drugs have three names | Chemical Name Generic Name Trade Name |
| Absorption | Movement of substance across membranes into body fluids; dependent on route of administration |
| Distribution | Transport through body |
| Metabolism | Body takes the drug and breaks it down; some drugs are not active until metabolized |
| Excretion | Exiting the body |
| Schedule I Drug | No known medical purpose/political reason; high abuse potential |
| Schedule II Drug | Known medical purpose; high potential for abuse (stimulants/cocaine/hydrocodone) |
| Schedule III Drug | Potential for abuse; medical purpose |
| Schedule IV | less potential for abuse; medical purpose |
| Schedule V | Most OTC medications |
| Bioavailability | amount of drug after first pass available to be used by the body; affected by the route of admine |
| First Pass Effect | drug pass through stomach and is taken up to the liver for metabolism, then absorbed into systemic circulation for use. Part of drug no longer available. |
| Organs responsible in metabolism | liver = most; kidneys, lungs, plasma, intestinal mucosa also |
| Half Life | time it takes for 1/2 of the original amount of the drug in the body to be removed |
| Therapuetic Index | the minimum effective concentration to the amount of toxicity |
| Plateau Principle | the "steady state"; maintainence |
| Pharmacodynamics | the way a drug works on the body |
| Receptors | where the drug binds |
| Enzymes | breakdown/cause action |
| Non-specific effect | act without receptors; work independently; once bound, may cause a second reaction. |
| Pharmocotherapeutics | SMART; what is the expected outcome? |
| Supplemental Drugs | When body is missing something |
| Palliative Drugs | makes better, but no cure |
| Prophylactic Drugs | prevent (antibiotics sometimes/birth control) |
| Accumulation | a drug being absorbed more quickly than it can be eliminated or when it is administered before the previous dose has been metabolized |
| Synergistic effects | combined drug effects are greater that when given separately |
| Teratogenic effects | structural defect in the unborn fetus |
| Category A Drug | Adequate and well-controlled studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester; the least harmful |
| Category B Drug | Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. |
| Category C Drug | Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use despite risks |
| Category D | there is positive evidence of fetal risk but the benefits from use may be acceptable |
| Category X | fetal abnormalities and evidence of risk based on human experience; The most harmful |
| Mutagenic | changes in genetic composition |
| carcinogenic | cancer causing agent |
Created by:
ashbee
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