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Chapter 2 Vocabulary
Chapter 2 Vocabulary pg. 45
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acid | If the number of hydronium ions in a solution is greater than the number of hydroxide ions, the solution |
| activation energy | the amount of energy needed to start the reaction |
| adhesion | is the attractive force between two particles of different substances |
| aqueous solution | solutions in which water is the solvent—are universally important to living things. |
| atom | the simplest particle of an element that retains all of the properties of that element |
| atomic number | the number of protons in an atom |
| base | then contains more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions and is therefore defined |
| buffer | are chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of either an acid or a base added to a solution. |
| capillarity | which is the attraction between molecules that results in the rise of the surface of a liquid when in contact with a solid. |
| catalysis | reduce the amount of activation energy that is needed for a reaction to take place, |
| chemical bond | are attractive forces that hold atoms together |
| chemical reaction | one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances. |
| cohesion | An attractive force that holds molecules of a single substance together |
| compound | made up of atoms of two or more elements in fixed proportions of atoms each element that forms a particular compound |
| concentration | of a solution is the amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of the solution |
| covalent bond | forms when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
| electron | the number of positively charged protons is balanced by an equal number of small, negatively charged particles |
| element | are substances that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter |
| energy | as the ability to do work |
| enzyme | a molecule, either protein or RNA, that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions |
| hydrogen bond | is the force of attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a partial positive charge and another atom or molecule with a partial or full negative charge. |
| hydronium ion | The H3O ion is known as the |
| hydroxide ion | The OH ion is known as the h |
| ion | an atom or molecule with an electrical charge |
| ionic bond | positive and negative electrical charges attract each other, the sodium ion and the chloride ion attract each other |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons |
| mass | is the quantity of matter an object has |
| mass number | is equal to the total number of protons and neutrons of the atom |
| matter | is anything that occupies space and mass |
| metabolism | is the term used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in an organism |
| molecule | is the simplest part of a substance that retains all of the properties of that substance and can exist in a free state |
| neutron | negatively charged |
| nucleus | the central region |
| orbital | a three-dimensional region around a nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron |
| oxidation reaction | a reactant loses one or more electrons, thus becoming more positive in charge. |
| pH scale | Scientists have developed a scale for comparing the relative concentrations of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in a solution. |
| polar | uneven distribution of charge |
| product | of this reaction are shown on the right side. |
| proton | a positively charged |
| reactant | are shown on the left side of the equation. |
| redox reaction | reactions in which electrons are transferred between atoms are known as oxidation-reduction reactions |
| reduction reaction | a reactant gains one or more electrons, thus becoming more negative in charge |
| saturated solution | is one in which no more solute can dissolve. |
| solute | is a substance dissolved in the solvent |
| solution | is a mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another substance |
| solvent | is the substance in which the solute is dissolved. |
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tatepilch
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