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CUT6 2.5
Computers: Understanding Tech 6e 2.5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| memory | A semiconductor chip that contains a grid of transistors that can be on (1) or off (0) to store data, either temporarily or permanently. |
| read-only memory (ROM) | A type of memory that stores data permanently, even when the computer is not powered on; individual bytes of ROM cannot be easily rewritten. |
| random-access memory (RAM) | A type of memory that can be written and rewritten easily as the computer operates; the primary type of memory used in almost all desktop and notebook computers. |
| memory address | The numeric address of a location in RAM. |
| dynamic RAM (DRAM) | RAM that requires a constant supply of electricity to keep its contents intact; used as the main memory in most computers. Also called volatile RAM. |
| static RAM (SRAM) | RAM that does not lose its data when the power goes off; faster than dynamic RAM (DRAM), but more expensive, so not used as the main memory in PCs; also called nonvolatile RAM. |
| dual inline memory module (DIMM) | A type of mounting for RAM chips to be installed in a desktop motherboard; the word dual indicates that both sides of the circuit board contain memory chips. |
| synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) | RAM in which the speed is synchronized with the system clock. |
| single data rate (SDR) SDRAM | SDRAM in which data moves into or out of RAM at the rate of one word per system clock cycle. |
| double data rate (DDR) SDRAM | SDRAM in which data transfers twice as fast as with SDR SDRAM, because it is read or written at the rate of two words of per clock cycle. |
| memory access time | The time required for the processor to access (read) data and instructions from memory. |
| erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) | An obsolete type of ROM chip that could be erased with a strong flash of ultraviolet light and then reprogrammed; enabled reuse but required removing the chip from the computer and placing it in a special machine. |
| electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) | A type of ROM chip that can be electrically reprogrammed using only the hardware that comes with the computer; allows upgrading the computer’s BIOS without removing the BIOS chip from the motherboard. |
| flash memory | A type of EEPROM that is easily rewritten in small blocks, so it can be used for rewriteable storage; commonly used on USB flash drives and solid-state hard drives. |
| nonvolatile RAM | RAM that does not lose its data when the power goes off; faster than dynamic RAM (DRAM), but more expensive, so not used as the main memory in PCs; also called static RAM. |
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softcrylic
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