click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
CUT6 2.4
Computers: Understanding Tech 6e 2.4
Term | Definition |
---|---|
central processing unit (CPU) | The device responsible for performing all the calculations for the computer system. Also called microprocessor or processor. |
semiconductor material | A material that is neither a good conductor of electricity (like copper would be) nor a good insulator against electricity (like rubber would be); used for the internal circuits in CPUs and memory. |
machine cycle | A cycle consisting of the four basic operations performed by the internal components of a CPU: fetching an instruction, decoding the instruction, executing the instruction, and storing the result. |
control unit | The part of a CPU that directs and coordinates the overall operation of the CPU; the control unit interprets instructions and initiates the action needed to carry them out. |
arithmetic logic unit (ALU) | The part of a CPU that executes the instruction during the machine cycle; the ALU carries out the instructions and performs arithmetic and logical operations on the data. |
register | An area inside of a CPU that functions as a “workbench,” holding the data that the ALU is processing. |
cache | A pool of extremely fast memory that’s stored close to the CPU and connected to it by a very fast pathway; types include the L1, L2, and L3 caches. |
on die cache | A cache that is stamped in the same piece of silicon wafer as the CPU, at the same time; an example is the L1 cache, which is quite small, so it can’t hold everything the CPU has recently used or may need to use soon. |
system clock | A small oscillator crystal that synchronizes the timing of all operations on the motherboard. Also called system crystal. |
word size | The number of bits that a computer can manipulate or process as a unit; for example, a 32-bit CPU can handle 32-bit blocks of data at a time. |
pipelining | A processing technique that enables the CPU to begin executing another instruction as soon as the previous one reaches the next phase of the machine cycle. |
thread | A part of a program that can execute independently of other parts. |
parallel processing | A processing technique that allows two or more processors (or cores within a single processor) in the same computer to work on different threads simultaneously. |
superscalar architecture | A type of CPU design that enables the operating system to send instruction to multiple components inside the CPU during a single clock cycle. |
multithreading | A processing technique that enables the operating system to address two or more virtual cores in a single-core CPU and share the workload between them. |
hyper-threading | Intel’s version of multithreading. See also multithreading. |
core | A set of the essential processor components (that is, the ALU, registers, and control unit) within a CPU; a single CPU may have multiple cores. |
multicore processor | A CPU that can process several instructions at once, as if the system physically contains more than one CPU, because it contains multiple cores. |