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Unit 4 Chapter 37
Urinary Tract Infections
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| organisms associated with UTIs | Enterococci, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphlococcus saprophyticus, Candida spp. |
| UTI | infection occurring in or associated with the urinary tract |
| upper urinary tract infection | limited to the renal parenchyma or ureters; often accompanied by L-UTI symptoms in addition to costovertebral flank pain or tenderness and fever. |
| lower urinary tract infection | a GU tract infection limited to urethra, bladder, and prostrate |
| acute urethral syndrome | condition in which patients experience dysuria and frequency with bacterial urine colony counts fewer than 105 organisms/mL of urine |
| proststitis | inflammation of the prostate |
| cervicitis and causative agents | inflammation of the cervix; causative agents: sexually transmitted organisms, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis |
| bacteriuria | presence of bacteria in urine |
| urethritis and causative agents | inflammation of the urethra, presenting as dysuria and discharge; causative agents: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum |
| cystitis and causative agents | inflammation of the bladder presenting as dysuria, urinary frequency, and urgency; causative agents: gram-negative bacilli, such as E. coli, Proteus, and Klebsiella, may also be caused by medication and certain viruses |
| pyelonephritis | infection that involves the kidneys |
| flora of normal voided urine by patient age/status | newborn: sterile;1-3 days old: Staphylococci, Enterococci, Diphtheroids, Mycobacterium amegmatis;prepubertal: Micrococci, Streptococci, Coliforms, Diphtheroids;Adult: L. acidophilus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococci, Escherichia coli, Diphtheroids |
| flora of normal voided urine by patient age/status cont'd | adult: yeast, anaerobic streptococci, Listeria spp, Clostridium spp; pregnancy: increase in L. acidophilus, yeasts, S. epidermidis; Postmenopausal: similar to prepubertal flora |
| interpretation of the UA results based on colony count | routine workup of isolates and susceptibility testing must be tailored according to the patient at risk and the specimen type submitted. Multiple uropathogens indicate probable contamination. 1 or 2 significant uropathogens should routinely be identified. |
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