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Unit 3 Chapter 18
Haemophilus and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Haemophilus *colony morphology* | pleomorphic, nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic |
Haemophilus *gram stain results* | gram-negative cocobacilli or rods |
Haemophilus *testing results* | ferment-carbohydrates, generally oxidase- and catalase-positive, reduce nitrates to nitirtes |
Haemophilus *epidemiology* | obligate parasites on the mucous membranes of humans and animals, nonpathogenic or produce opportunistic infections |
Haemophilus influenza *colony morphology* | small, nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic, pleomorphic |
Haemophilus influenza *gram stain results* | gram-negative rod |
Haemophilus influenza *testing results* | indole, urease, and ornithine secarboxylase |
Haemophilus influenza *virulence factors* | capsule, IgA, adherance by fimbriae, and other structures, outer membrane proteins |
Haemophilus influenza *epidemiology* | nasopharynx, upper respiratory tract |
Haemophilus influenza *infections* | meningitis, epiglottitis, bacterial tracheitis |
Define X factor | growth factor that some Haemophhilus spp. require in media for growth; also known as hemin or hematin |
Define V factor | growth factor that some Haemophhilus spp. require in media for growth; also known as nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD) |
Porphyrin test *principle* | contains hemoglobin as a source of hemin (X factor), supplement which provides NAD (V factor), vitamins, amino acids, coenzymes, dextrose, and other nutrients provides an accurate means of determining X factor |
Porphyrin test *reagents* | Casein Peptone, Delta-aminolevulinic Acid, Monopotassium Phosphate, Hemoglobin Solution, Dipotassium Phosphate, Sodium Chloride, Glucose, L-Glutamine, Hydrochloride, |
Porphyrin test *results reporting* | Positive Test - orange red fluorescence Negative Test - no fluorescence |
HACEK group and list of members | Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter aphrophilus (formerly Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella sp, |
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus *colony morphology* | star shaped centers of colonies |
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus *gram stain results* | gram-negative bacilli |
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus *testing results* | catalase-positive oxidase variable do not grow on MAC negative for X and V growthfactors, urease, indole, esculin, and citrate |
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus *virulence factors* | collagenase and a leukotoxin |
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus *epidemiology* | dental plaque and gingival scrapings |
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus *infections* | endocarditis |
Cardiobacterium hominis *colony morphology* | form rosettes, swelling, long filaments, or sticklike structures |
Cardiobacterium hominis *gram stain results* | gram-negative bacilli some false gram-positive |
Cardiobacterium hominis *testing results* | oxidase-positive, catalase-negative, and indole-positve. negative for urase, nitrate, gelatin, esculin |
Cardiobacterium hominis *epidemiology* | attachment to heart valves usually damaged or prosthetic, normal biota of the oral cavity and nose |
Cardiobacterium hominis *infections* | endocarditis, infect aortic valve. |
Eikenella corrodens *colony morphology* | nonhemolytic on SBA, slight gree effect secondaryto growth, nonmotile |
Eikenella corrodens *gram stain results* | gram-negative coccobacilli |
Eikenella corrodens *testing results* | oxidase-positive, catalase-negative |
Eikenella corrodens *virulence factors* | resistant to clindamycin and narrow-spectrum cephalosporins |
Eikenella corrodens *epidemiology* | attachment to heart valves usually damaged or prosthetic, normal biota of the oral and bowel cavity |
Eikenella corrodens *infections* | endocarditis, periodontitis, meningitis, empyema, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, arthritis, and postoperative tissue infections |
Kingella *colony morphology* | nonmotile, large white β-hemolytic colonies on SBA, smooth, convex |
Kingella *gram stain results* | gram-negative bacilli |
Kingella *testing results* | oxidase-positive, catalase-negative, negative for urease, indole, esculin, gelatin and citrate |
Kingella *epidemiology* | attachment to heart valves usually damaged or prosthetic, normal biota of the oral cavity, upper respiratory tract |
Kingella *infections* | endocarditis, degenerative joint and bone infections |
Capnocytophaga *colony morphology* | faculatatively anaerobic, thin often fusiform, spindle shapedgliding motility on solid surfaces, nonhemolytic |
Capnocytophaga *gram stain results* | gram-negative bacilli |
Capnocytophaga *testing results* | ferment sucrose, glucose, maltose, and lactose, negative for most biochemical reactions, may reduce nitrates and hydrolyze esculin |
Capnocytophaga *virulence factors* | resistant to aminoglycosides |
Capnocytophaga *epidemiology* | normal inhabitant of oral cavity |
Capnocytophaga *infections* | periodontis and endocarditis |
Pasteurella *colony morphology* | nonmotile, facultative, anaerobic, ovoid, filamentous |
Pasteurella *gram stain results* | gram-negative cocbacilli |
Pasteurella *testing results* | catalase and oxidae positive ferment glucose with weak to moderate acid production without gas. |
Pasteurella *virulence factors* | capnophilic |
Pasteurella *epidemiology* | infected animals |
Pasteurella *infections* | septicemia, arthritis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, meningitis |
Brucella *colony morphology* | aerobic, nonmotile, |
Brucella *gram stain results* | gram-negative coccobacilli or bacilli |
Brucella *testing results* | oxidase and catalase positive urease positive within 2 hoursgrow on SBA amd CHOC agar isolated and modified on Thayer-Martin or Martin-Lewis |
Brucella *virulence factors* | unencapsulated |
Brucella *epidemiology* | zoonotic disease found throughput the world |
Brucella *infections* | acute, subchronic, and chronic |
Francisella *colony morphology* | small, nonmotile, non-spore-forming, aerobic, gray-white, raised smooth appearance |
Francisella *gram stain results* | gram-negative bacilli or coccoid |
Francisella *testing results* | oxidase, urease, and satellite or X and V test negative and weakly positive for catalase and β-lactamase activity |
Francisella *epidemiology* | zoonotic disease through ingestion, inhalation, arthropod bite, or contact with infected tissue |
Francisella *infections* | ularemia infections, ulceroglandula, pneumonia |
infections caused by Legionella | Legionnaires disease, pontiac fever |
Bordetella *colony morphology* | areobic |
Bordetella *gram stain results* | gram-negative bacilli or coccobacilli |
Bordetella *testing results* | do not ferment carbohydrates, oxidize amino acids, relatively inactive in biochemical tests, produce catalase |
Bordetella *virulence factors* | filamentous hemagglutinin and pertacin, pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, tracheal cytotoxin |
Bordetella *epidemiology* | respiratory tract |
Bordetella *infections* | classic pertussis |
Bordetella pertussis *colony morphology* | small, nonmotile, obligately aerobic |
Bordetella pertussis *gram stain results* | gram-negative coccobacilli |
Bordetella pertussis *testing results* | oxidase-positive, urease-negative, nitrate-negative, |
Bordetella pertussis *virulence factors* | filamentous hemagglutinin and pertacin, pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, tracheal cytotoxin |
Bordetella pertussis *epidemiology* | human disease no animal reservoir or vector |
Bordetella pertussis *infections* | classic pertussis "whooping cough" |