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Unit 3 Chapter 18
Haemophilus and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Haemophilus *colony morphology* | pleomorphic, nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic |
| Haemophilus *gram stain results* | gram-negative cocobacilli or rods |
| Haemophilus *testing results* | ferment-carbohydrates, generally oxidase- and catalase-positive, reduce nitrates to nitirtes |
| Haemophilus *epidemiology* | obligate parasites on the mucous membranes of humans and animals, nonpathogenic or produce opportunistic infections |
| Haemophilus influenza *colony morphology* | small, nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic, pleomorphic |
| Haemophilus influenza *gram stain results* | gram-negative rod |
| Haemophilus influenza *testing results* | indole, urease, and ornithine secarboxylase |
| Haemophilus influenza *virulence factors* | capsule, IgA, adherance by fimbriae, and other structures, outer membrane proteins |
| Haemophilus influenza *epidemiology* | nasopharynx, upper respiratory tract |
| Haemophilus influenza *infections* | meningitis, epiglottitis, bacterial tracheitis |
| Define X factor | growth factor that some Haemophhilus spp. require in media for growth; also known as hemin or hematin |
| Define V factor | growth factor that some Haemophhilus spp. require in media for growth; also known as nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD) |
| Porphyrin test *principle* | contains hemoglobin as a source of hemin (X factor), supplement which provides NAD (V factor), vitamins, amino acids, coenzymes, dextrose, and other nutrients provides an accurate means of determining X factor |
| Porphyrin test *reagents* | Casein Peptone, Delta-aminolevulinic Acid, Monopotassium Phosphate, Hemoglobin Solution, Dipotassium Phosphate, Sodium Chloride, Glucose, L-Glutamine, Hydrochloride, |
| Porphyrin test *results reporting* | Positive Test - orange red fluorescence Negative Test - no fluorescence |
| HACEK group and list of members | Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter aphrophilus (formerly Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella sp, |
| Aggregatibacter aphrophilus *colony morphology* | star shaped centers of colonies |
| Aggregatibacter aphrophilus *gram stain results* | gram-negative bacilli |
| Aggregatibacter aphrophilus *testing results* | catalase-positive oxidase variable do not grow on MAC negative for X and V growthfactors, urease, indole, esculin, and citrate |
| Aggregatibacter aphrophilus *virulence factors* | collagenase and a leukotoxin |
| Aggregatibacter aphrophilus *epidemiology* | dental plaque and gingival scrapings |
| Aggregatibacter aphrophilus *infections* | endocarditis |
| Cardiobacterium hominis *colony morphology* | form rosettes, swelling, long filaments, or sticklike structures |
| Cardiobacterium hominis *gram stain results* | gram-negative bacilli some false gram-positive |
| Cardiobacterium hominis *testing results* | oxidase-positive, catalase-negative, and indole-positve. negative for urase, nitrate, gelatin, esculin |
| Cardiobacterium hominis *epidemiology* | attachment to heart valves usually damaged or prosthetic, normal biota of the oral cavity and nose |
| Cardiobacterium hominis *infections* | endocarditis, infect aortic valve. |
| Eikenella corrodens *colony morphology* | nonhemolytic on SBA, slight gree effect secondaryto growth, nonmotile |
| Eikenella corrodens *gram stain results* | gram-negative coccobacilli |
| Eikenella corrodens *testing results* | oxidase-positive, catalase-negative |
| Eikenella corrodens *virulence factors* | resistant to clindamycin and narrow-spectrum cephalosporins |
| Eikenella corrodens *epidemiology* | attachment to heart valves usually damaged or prosthetic, normal biota of the oral and bowel cavity |
| Eikenella corrodens *infections* | endocarditis, periodontitis, meningitis, empyema, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, arthritis, and postoperative tissue infections |
| Kingella *colony morphology* | nonmotile, large white β-hemolytic colonies on SBA, smooth, convex |
| Kingella *gram stain results* | gram-negative bacilli |
| Kingella *testing results* | oxidase-positive, catalase-negative, negative for urease, indole, esculin, gelatin and citrate |
| Kingella *epidemiology* | attachment to heart valves usually damaged or prosthetic, normal biota of the oral cavity, upper respiratory tract |
| Kingella *infections* | endocarditis, degenerative joint and bone infections |
| Capnocytophaga *colony morphology* | faculatatively anaerobic, thin often fusiform, spindle shapedgliding motility on solid surfaces, nonhemolytic |
| Capnocytophaga *gram stain results* | gram-negative bacilli |
| Capnocytophaga *testing results* | ferment sucrose, glucose, maltose, and lactose, negative for most biochemical reactions, may reduce nitrates and hydrolyze esculin |
| Capnocytophaga *virulence factors* | resistant to aminoglycosides |
| Capnocytophaga *epidemiology* | normal inhabitant of oral cavity |
| Capnocytophaga *infections* | periodontis and endocarditis |
| Pasteurella *colony morphology* | nonmotile, facultative, anaerobic, ovoid, filamentous |
| Pasteurella *gram stain results* | gram-negative cocbacilli |
| Pasteurella *testing results* | catalase and oxidae positive ferment glucose with weak to moderate acid production without gas. |
| Pasteurella *virulence factors* | capnophilic |
| Pasteurella *epidemiology* | infected animals |
| Pasteurella *infections* | septicemia, arthritis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, meningitis |
| Brucella *colony morphology* | aerobic, nonmotile, |
| Brucella *gram stain results* | gram-negative coccobacilli or bacilli |
| Brucella *testing results* | oxidase and catalase positive urease positive within 2 hoursgrow on SBA amd CHOC agar isolated and modified on Thayer-Martin or Martin-Lewis |
| Brucella *virulence factors* | unencapsulated |
| Brucella *epidemiology* | zoonotic disease found throughput the world |
| Brucella *infections* | acute, subchronic, and chronic |
| Francisella *colony morphology* | small, nonmotile, non-spore-forming, aerobic, gray-white, raised smooth appearance |
| Francisella *gram stain results* | gram-negative bacilli or coccoid |
| Francisella *testing results* | oxidase, urease, and satellite or X and V test negative and weakly positive for catalase and β-lactamase activity |
| Francisella *epidemiology* | zoonotic disease through ingestion, inhalation, arthropod bite, or contact with infected tissue |
| Francisella *infections* | ularemia infections, ulceroglandula, pneumonia |
| infections caused by Legionella | Legionnaires disease, pontiac fever |
| Bordetella *colony morphology* | areobic |
| Bordetella *gram stain results* | gram-negative bacilli or coccobacilli |
| Bordetella *testing results* | do not ferment carbohydrates, oxidize amino acids, relatively inactive in biochemical tests, produce catalase |
| Bordetella *virulence factors* | filamentous hemagglutinin and pertacin, pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, tracheal cytotoxin |
| Bordetella *epidemiology* | respiratory tract |
| Bordetella *infections* | classic pertussis |
| Bordetella pertussis *colony morphology* | small, nonmotile, obligately aerobic |
| Bordetella pertussis *gram stain results* | gram-negative coccobacilli |
| Bordetella pertussis *testing results* | oxidase-positive, urease-negative, nitrate-negative, |
| Bordetella pertussis *virulence factors* | filamentous hemagglutinin and pertacin, pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, tracheal cytotoxin |
| Bordetella pertussis *epidemiology* | human disease no animal reservoir or vector |
| Bordetella pertussis *infections* | classic pertussis "whooping cough" |
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