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Muscle Action
Bio 241
| MUSCLE | ACTION | ORIGIN & INSERTION |
|---|---|---|
| Gluteus Maximus | Extends thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates thigh; helps lock knee in extension. RMA: extends torso | |
| Iliopsoas Psoas Major | Psoas major and iliacus muscle acting together flexes thigh at hip joint, laterally rotates thigh, and flex trunk of hip as in sitting up from supine position | |
| Iliacus | ||
| Gluteus Minimus | Abducts thigh at hip joint and medially rotates thigh | |
| Tensor Fasciae Latae | Flexes and abducts thigh at hip joint | |
| Gluteus Medius | Abducts thigh at hip joint and medially rotates thigh | |
| Pronator Teres | Pronates forearm at radioulnar joint and weakly flexes forearm at elbow joint | |
| Pronator Quadratus | Pronates forearm at radioulnar joint | |
| Brachioradialis | Flexes forearm at elbow joint and pronates and supinates forearm at radioulnar joint to neutral position | |
| Brachialis | Flexes forearm at elbow joint | |
| Supinator | Supinates forearm at radioulnar joint | |
| Orbicularis Oris | Closes and protudes lips, as in kissing, compresses lips against teeth; and shapes lips during speech | |
| Buccinator | Presses cheeks against teeth and lips, as in whistling, blowing, and sucking; draws corner of mouth laterally; and assists in mastication (chewing) by keeping food between teeth (and not btw teeth and cheeks) | |
| Zygomaticus Major | Draws angle of mouth laterally and superiorly, as in smiling | |
| Levator Angulis Oris | Draws angle of mouth laterally and superiorly | |
| Depressor Anguli Oris | Draws angle of mouth laterally and inferiorly, as in opening mouth | |
| Levator Labii Superioris | Raises upper lip | |
| Depressor Labii Inferioris | Depresses (lowers) lower lip | |
| Zygomaticus Minor | Raises (elevates) upper lip, exposing maxillary (upper) teeth | |
| Mentalis | Elevates and protudes lower lip and pulls skin of chin up, as in pouting | |
| External Anal Sphincter | Keeps anal canal and anus closed | |
| Bulbospongiosus | Helps expel urine during urination; helps propel semen along the urethra, assists in erection of penis in males; constricts vaginal orifice and assists in erection of clitoris in females | |
| External Urethral Sphincter | Helps propel last drops of urine and semen in males and urine in females | |
| Flexor Pollicis Longus | Flexes distal phalanx of thumb at the interphalangeal joint | |
| Flexor Carpi Radialis | Flexes and abducts hand (radial deviation) at wrist joint | |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris | Flexes and adducts hand (ulnar deviation) at wrist joint | |
| Occipitofrontalis (Frontal Belly) | Draws scalp anteriorly, raises eyebrows, and wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally as in look of surprise | |
| Coracobrachialis | Flexes and adducts arm at shoulder joint | |
| Infraspinatus | Laterally rotates arm at shoulder joint | |
| Subscapularis | Medially rotates arm at shoulder joint | |
| Supraspinatus | Assists deltoid muscle in abducting arm at shoulder joint | |
| Teres Major | Extends arm at shoulder joint and assists in adduction and medial rotation of arm at shoulder joint | |
| Teres Minor | Laterally rotates and extends arm at shoulder joint | |
| Trapezius | Superior fibers upward rotates scapula; middle fibers abduct scapula; inferior fibers depress and upward rotate scapula; superior and inferior fibers together rotate scapula upward; stabilizes scapula. RMA: superior fibers can help extend head | |
| Rhomboid Minor | Elevates and adducts scapula and rotates it downward; stabilizes scapula | |
| Rhomboid Major | Elevates and adducts scapula and rotates it downward; stabilizes scapula | |
| Levator Scapulae | Elevates scapula and rotates it downward | |
| Pectoralis Minor | Abducts scapula and rotates it downward. RMA: elevates rib 3-5 during forced inhalation when scapula is fixed | |
| Serratus Anterior | Abducts scapula and rotates it upward. RMA: Elevates ribs when scapula is stabilized. Known as "boxer's muscle" b/c it is important in horizontal arm movement such as punching and pushing | |
| Quadratus Femoris | Laterally rotates and stabilizes hip joint | |
| Adductor Longus | Adducts and flexes thigh at hip joint and rotates thigh* RMA: extends thigh | |
| Adductor Brevis | Adducts and flexes thigh at hip joint and rotates thigh RMA: extends thigh | |
| Adductor Magnus | Adducts thigh at hip joint and rotates thigh; anterior part flexes thigh at hip joint, and posterior part extends thigh at hip joint* | |
| Gracilis | Adducts thigh at hip joint, medially rotates thigh, and flexes leg at knee joint | |
| Pectineus | Flexes and adducts thigh at hip joint | |
| Temporalis | Elevates and retracts mandible | |
| Masseter | Elevates mandible, as in closing mouth | |
| Posterior Scalene | Acting together, right and left posterior scalene elevate second ribs during deep inhalation. RMA: Flex cervical vertebrae; acting singly, laterally flex and slightly rotate cervical vertebrae | |
| Middle Scalene | Acting together, right and left anterior scalene and middle scalene muscles elevate first ribs during deep inhalation. RMA: flex cervical vertebrae; acting singly, laterally flex and slightly rotate cervical vertebrae | |
| Anterior Scalene | Acting together, right and left anterior scalene and middle scalene muscles elevate first ribs during deep inhalation. RMA: flex cervical vertebrae; acting singly, laterally flex and slightly rotate cervical vertebrae | |
| Corrugator Supercilii | Draws eyebrow inferiorly and wrinkles skin of forehead vertically as in frowning | |
| Orbicularis Oculi | Closes eyes | |
| Pectoralis Major | As a whole, adducts and medially rotates arm at shoulder joint; clavicular head flexes arm, and sternocostal head extends flexed arm to side of trunk | |
| Latissimus Dorsi | Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm at shoulder joint; draws arm inferiorly and posteriorly RMA: elevates vertebral column and torso | |
| Tibialis Posterior | Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint and inverts (supinates) foot at intertarsal joints | |
| Popliteus | Flexes leg at knee joint and medially rotates tibia to unlock the extended knee | |
| Gastrocnemius | Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint and flexes leg at knee joint | |
| Soleus | Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint | |
| Plantaris | Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint and flexes leg at knee joint | |
| Splenius Cervicis | Acting together, extend head; acting singly, laterally flex and/or rotate head to same side as contracting muscle | |
| Splenius Capitis | Acting together (bilaterally), extend head and extend vertebral column; acting singly (unilaterally), laterally flex and/or rotate head to same side as contracting muscle | |
| Tibialis Anterior | Dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint and inverts (supinates) foot at intertarsal joints | |
| Extensor Hallucis Longus | Dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint and extends proximal phalanx of great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint | |
| Extensor Digitorum Longus | Dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint and extends distal and middle phalanges of each toe at metatarsophalangeal joint | |
| Hamstrings | A collective designation for 3 separate muscles | |
| Biceps Femoris | Flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint | |
| Semitendinosus | Flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint | |
| Semimembranosus | Flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint | |
| Platysma | Draws outer part of lower lip inferiorly and posteriorly as in pouting; depresses mandible | |
| Transversus Abdominis | Compresses abdomen | |
| Internal Oblique | Acting together, compress abdomen and flex vertebral column; acting singly, laterally flex vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and rotate vertebral column | |
| External Oblique | Acting together (bilaterally), compresses abdomen, and flex vertebral column; acting singly (unilaterally), laterally flex vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and rotate vertebral column | |
| Rectus Abdominis | Flexes vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and compresses abdomen to aid in defecation, urination, forced exhalation, and childbirth. RMA: flexes pelvis on the vertebral column | |
| Iliocostalis Cervicis | Acting together, muscles of each region (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar) extend and maintain erect posture of vertebral column of their respective regions; acting singly, laterally flex vertebral column of their respective regions to same side as contract | |
| Iliocostalis Thoracis | Acting together, muscles of each region (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar) extend and maintain erect posture of vertebral column of their respective regions; acting singly, laterally flex vertebral column of their respective regions to same side as contract | |
| Iliocostalis Lumborum | Acting together, muscles of each region (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar) extend and maintain erect posture of vertebral column of their respective regions; acting singly, laterally flex vertebral column of their respective regions to same side as contract | |
| Pubococcygeus | Supports and maintaints position of pelvic viscera; resists increase in intra-abdominal pressure during forced exhalation, coughing, vomiting, urination, and defecation; constricts anus, urethra, and vagina | |
| Levator Ani | ||
| Spinalis Capitis | Extends head and vertebral column | |
| Longissimus Capitis | Acting together, extends head and vertebral column; acting singly, laterally flex and rotate head to same side as contracting muscle | |
| Splenius Capitis | Extend head; acting together , muscle of each region (cervical and thoracic) extend vertebral column of their respective regions | |
| Semispinalis Capitis | Acting together, extend head and vertebral column; acting singly, rotate head to side opposite contracting muscle | |
| Internal Intercostals | Contraction draws adjacent ribs together to further decrease anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity during forced exhalation | |
| External Intercostals | Contraction elevates ribs and increases anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity, resulting in inhalation; relaxation depresses ribs and decreases anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity, resulting in exhalation | |
| Diaphragm | Contractions of diaphragm causes it to flatten and increases vertical dimension of thoracic cavity, resulting in inhalation; relaxtion of diaphragm causes it to move superiorly and decreases vertical dimension of thoracic cavity resulting in exhalation | |
| Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius | All four heads extend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris muscle acting alone also flexes thigh at hip joint | |
| Deltoid | Lateral fibers abducts arm at shoulder joint; anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm at shoulder joint; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm at shoulder joint | Origin: acromial extremity of clavicle (anterior fibers), acromion of scapula (lateral fibers), and spine of scapula (posterior fibers) Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus |
| Biceps Brachii | Flexes forearm at elbow joint, supinates forearm at radioulnar joints, & flexes arm at shoulder joint | Origin: long head originates fr. tubercle above glenoid cavity of scapula (supraglenoid tubercle) Insertion: radial tuberosity of radius & bicipital aponeurosis* |
| Triceps Brachii | Insertion: olecranon of ulna Extends forearm at elbow joint and extends arm at shoulder joint | Long head orig fr infra glenoid tubercle, a projection inferior to glenoid cavity of scapula. Lateral head orig fr lateral & posterior surface of humerus. Medial head orig. fr. entire posterior surface of humerus inferior to a groove for the radial nerve |
Created by:
simplyri
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