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Renal/GI Diseases
USCSOM Physiology: Renal/GI diseases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nephritic syndrome | inflammation; hematuria, mild proteinuria, oliguria |
| Nephrotic syndrome | open door; proteinuria, lipiduria, edema |
| Primary hypo AVP | Neuro/nephrogenic DI; low AVP, high plasma Osm |
| Secondary hypo AVP | Primary polydipsia; low AVP, low [P] |
| Primary hyper AVP | SIADH; high AVP, low [P] |
| Secondary hyper AVP | dehydration; high AVP, high [P] |
| Primary hyper Aldo | Conn's disease; high Aldo and high BP |
| Secondary hyper Aldo | CHF; high Aldo in response to low BP |
| Primary hypo Aldo | Addison's disease; low aldo and low BP; lack of holding on to Na |
| Bartter's syndrome | mutation in ATL; loss of Na and CL; think loop diuretics |
| Gitelman's syndrome | mutation in Na-Cl transporter; thiazide diuretics |
| Liddle's syndrome | enhanced Na resorption in principal cells |
| Xerostomia | dry mouth; muscarinic agonists (pilocarpine) |
| Sialorrhea | excessive salivation; muscarinic antagonists (atropine) |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux; heartburn; weak LES |
| Barrett's Esophagus | alteration of esohpageal cells; caused by reflux; develop esophageal cancer |
| Scleroderma | autoimmune disease of connective tissue; no peristalsis; Tx - immunosupressants |
| Polymyositis | inflammation of striated mm; difficulty swallowing; Tx - immunosuppressants/anti-inflamatory |
| Esophageal spasm | abnormal contractions in esophagus; Tx - Ca channel blockers and anti-cholinergics |
| Achlasia | failure of LES to relax; Tx - smooth mm relaxants and mechanical opening |
| Dumping syndrome | rapid gastric emptying; Tx - small frequent meals, reduce carbs |
| Gastroparesis | delayed gastric emptying; Tx - muscarinic agonists, motilin receptor agonists |
| What does omeprazole do? | blocks H/K ATPase in gastric parietal cells |
| What are the function of cimetidine and ranitidine? | blcok H2 histamine receptors on parietal cells |
| Zollinger-Ellison syndrome | gastrin-secreting tumor; Tx - omeprazole, vagotomy, gastrectomy |
| Gastric ulcer | helicobacter pylori infection; Tx - antibiotics |
| Lactose intolerance | maldigestion of dairy products; osmotic diarrhea |
| Hartnup disease | inability to transport tryptophan; non-symptomatic with high protein diet |
| Gallstones | high cholesterol; Tx - Surgery |
| Steatorrhea | excretion of fat in the stool; pancreatic insufficiency, high acidity in duodenum, inadequate bile salts |
| Celiac disease | abnormal immune response to gluten; malabsorption; Tx - don't eat gluten |
| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease; Crohn's and Ulcerative colitis |
| Crohn's disease | chronic inflammation of ileum and intestines; anti-inflammatory and antibiotics |
| Ulcerative Colitis | inflammation and ulcers in outer layer of large intestine; anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressants, surgery |
| Diverticulosis/Diverticulitis | connective tissue bulges in the colon |
| Colitis | Clostridium difficile infection; Tx - specific antiobiotics |
| IBS | Irritable bowel syndrome; hyperactivity in the intestines; Tx - drugs for constipation/diarrhea, drugs that target serotonin receptor |
| Hirshsprung's disease | Megacolon; faiule of enteric nervous system in colon |
| Chagas' disease | parasitic infection destroying enteric nerves in colon |
Created by:
jlellerm
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