Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
GI Phys Small Int.
USCSOM Physiology: GI Part IV - Small Intestine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is segmentation? | muscle contraction that mixes but does move food |
| What is peristalsis? | coordinated reflex propelling mm. through small intestine |
| What effects do opiates have on small intestine motility? | increase uproductive contractile activity, decreased secretion |
| How does serotonin affect small intestine motility? | agonists increase contraction/secretion; antagonists decrease contraction/secretion |
| What are some reflexes that regulate motility and how do they affect it? | perstaltic reflex increase motility, intestinointestinal reflex decrease motility, gastroileal reflex increases motility |
| What anatomical features help to increase small intestine surface area? | plicae circularis, villi, microvilli |
| What is a luminal digestive enzyme? | act in free solution in the lumen; include salivary, gastric, pancreatic enzymes |
| What are membrane digestive enzymes? | produced by villi, bound to cell surface |
| What two types of enzymes break down carbohydrates? | amylase (luminal) and di-saccharidases (membrane) |
| How and in what form are carbohydrates absorped? | glucose/galactose by co-transport with Na, fructose by facilitated diffusion |
| Describe lactose intolerance. | Lack of lactase, inability to break down lactose in dairy products |
| What class of enzymes break down proteins and where are they produced? | proteases produced by the pancreas |
| What activates pepsinogen? | HCl |
| What activates trypsinogen? | enterokinase |
| What activates most pancreatic proteases? | trypsin |
| What is Hartnup Disease? | non-functional tryptophan transporter |
| What are the 3 principle dietary lipids? | triglycerides, phopholipids, cholesterol |
| What is the function of pancreatic lipase? | digests triglycerides, secreted from pancreas, requires colipase |
| What does cholesterol ester hydrolase produce? | cholesterol and FFA |
| What is the function of phospholipase A2? | cleaves FAs from phospholipids |
| What is the rate limiting bile step? | cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase |
| Where do bile salts get reabsorped? | terminal ileum only |
| What stimulates bile release from gall bladder? | CCK and ACh from fat and protein in diet |
| What are gallstones formed from? | mostly cholesterol and bilirubin |
| What is steatorrhea? | excretion of fat in the stool |
| What are some common causes of steatorrhea? | pancreatic insufficiency, abnormal acidity in the duodenum, inadequate bile salts |
| What vitamins are transported along with fats? | A, D, E, K |
| What vitamin and hormone regulate calcium absorption? | Vit D and PTH |
| What electrolytes are absorbed in the jejunum? | NAHCO3 |
| What electrolytes are absorbed in the ileum? | NaCl |
| What happens to electrolytes in the colon? | Na absorbed, K+ secreted |
| What type of cells are responsible for most secretion in the small intestine? | crypt |
| What transporter is blocked by the diuretic furosemide? | Na/K/Cl cotransporter |
| What are the two types of choride channels in the small intestine? | Ca activated channels (ACh) and CFTR channels (cAMP) |
| What are the 3 general causes of absorption? | impaired absorption, osmotic, secretory |
| What is are the causes of Celiac disease? | abnormal immune response to gluten, genetic |
| What are common symptoms of celiac disease? | malabsorption, flattening of the villi, immune cells invading the luminal lining |
| What is IBD? | inflammatory bowel disease including crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis |
| What happens in crohn's disease? | chronic inflammation of intestine/ileum, diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss |
| What Tx are used for crohn's disease? | anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, surgery |
| What is ulcerative colitis? | inflamation and ulcers in the outer layers of the large intestine |
Created by:
jlellerm
Popular Physiology sets