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Animation History
World History of Animated Films
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Emile Cohl | Paris, France "Fantasmagorie" 1908 -2D paper puppets |
| Segundo de Chomon | Spain "Train Collision", -Model Trains for SFX "The Electric Hotel" 1905 -Stopmotion of real objects |
| Arthur Cooper | Great Britain "Matches; an Appeal" 1899 -stopmotion characature made of matches |
| Walter Ruttman | Germany "Lichtspiel Opus (1-4)", 1921 -Shapes timed with musical score, hand colored |
| Hans Richter | Switzerland/Germany "Rhythmus 21, 23, 25" (1920-1925) -Shapes timed with music to create "visual rhythm" |
| Viking Eggeling | Sweden/Germany/Switzerland "Diagonal Symphonie" -movement and transformation of white shapes on black to convey rhythm. |
| Ladislas Starevitch | Russia "Frogland" "Voice of the Nightingale" "The Mascot" -Stopmotion puppets of insects, animals, or fairytales |
| Lotte Reininger | Germany/UK "The Adventures of Prince Achmed" 1926 -cardboard stop motion puppets photographed in silhouette |
| Oskar Fischinger | Germany "Study No. 7" 1931 -abstract film of shapes moving to music US "Fantasia" -Toccata and Fugue sequence (Rolling Hills) |
| Hans Fischinger | Germany "The Dilapidated Melody" 1942 "Der Schneemann" 1943 -2D animation over model background (Stereo-Optical effect used by Fleischer cartoons) |
| Anthony Gross and Hector Hoppin | Paris "The Joy of Living (La Joire de Vivre)" 1934 -Strait ahead 2D animation |
| Norman Mclaren | Canada (National Film Board of Canada) "Dots" 1940 -Synthedthic Sound (drawing on soundtrack) with animation drawing directly on cell. "Neighbors" 1952 -Pixelation (stop motion of people) |
| Seitaro Kitayama | First Japanese animation studio (1921) |
| Sanae Yamamoto | -"Momotaro the Undefeated" 1928 -learned at Kitayama's studio -became head of Toei Animation Studio ("Panda and the Magic Serpent" 1958) |
| Noburo Ofuji | "The Black Cat" 1929, "Spring Song" 1931 -Chiyogami; animating with paper cutout puppets |
| Yasuji Murata | "The Bat" 1930, "Our Baseball Match" 1931 -American style hand drawn "cell" animation |
| Mitsuyo Seo | Pioneer of modern "Anime" Style -characters with big eyes against detailed background "Momotaro Sea Eagle" 1943, "Tiny Chibisuke's Big Adventure" 1935 |
| Kihachiro Kawamoto | "The Deamon" 1972, "Dojoji Temple" 1976 Stop motion puppet animation, studied under Jiri Trnka |
| Hayao Miyazaki | Founder of Ghibli Studio "Spirited Away" "Castle in the Sky" |
| Satoshi Kohn | Famous anime film director "Perfect Blue" 1997, "Millennium Actress" 2001, "Tokyo Godfathers" 2003, "Paprika" 2006, "Good Morning" 2008 |
| George Pal | Holland, US" "Puppettoons" '30s-'40s -replacement stop motion shorts for US audience |
| Karel Zeman | Czechoslovakia "Inspiration" 1948 -Replacement stop motion with blown glass |
| Jiri Trinka | Czechoslovakia "The Hand" 1965 -puppets appearing as dolls based on Czech tradition, and having one expression to simulate an actor's mask. |
| Alexander Alexieff and Claire Parker | founders of "Pinscreen" animation -screen of pins used in or out to form an image, then photographed in succession. |
| Halas and Batchelor | husband and wife founders of British Animation studio "Animal Farm" 1954 -1st British animated film |
| Blur Frame | an out of focus frame in stop motion to better simulate movement |
| Synthetic Sound | lines drawn on film soundtrack to give unique sound |
| Stopmotion | when anything is moved and photographed one frame at a time |
| Puppet motion | animating a puppet with movable parts |
| replacement stopmotion | animating models with replaceable parts |
| Pixelation | animating human beings to behave in ways not normally possible |
| object stopmotion | moving props with photography |
| claymation | clay or plastic moved or sculpted |
| Record Talkie | Japanese style of animating around available records/songs |
| Benshi Narrator | Japanese style of a narrator voicing over an animation |
| Chiyogami | paper cutout stop motion puppets with ornate patterns |
| Bruno Bozzetto | Italian Animation Director "Allegro Non Troppo" 1976 -Fantasia parody, having animation over classical music with live action segments. "Grasshoppers" 1991 |
| John Whitney | "Vertigo" 1957 -1st used computer graphics in title sequence |
| John Whitney Jr. | "Westworld" 1973 Pixelated computer graphics robot view |
| "Star Trek II" | 1982 ILM-Genesis sequence CGI in film |
| "Tron" | Extensive use of CGI |
| "Adventures of Andre and Wally B." | 1984 Lucastfilm Computer Graphics headed by John Lassetter -1st use of motion blur/squash and stretch. |
| "Young Sherlock Holms" | 1985 1st photorealistic CGI character "Stained Glass Night" |
| "Jurassic Part" | 1993 ILM first photorealistic dinosaurs integrated with live action. |
| "Toy Story" | 1995 Pixar 1st CGI feature animation. |
| Rotoscope | Method of tracing over live action footage for animated films. |
| Motion Capture | tracking a live person's movements and applying them to a computer model for CG animated films |
| Eclair | Russian word for "Rotoscoping" implemented for Socialist Realism |
| Socialist Realism | style implemented by Soviet Union to convey goals of socialism and glorify the working class. |
| Soyuzmultfilm | Russian Animation Studio known for Eclair films such as "the Scarlet Flower" 1952. |
| Lev Atamanov | Russian Animator and Director of Eclair films at Soyuzmltfilm |
| Fedor Khitruk | Russian Animator and Director on film "History of a Crime" 1961 which was first Russian film to use modern style as opposed to Eclair. |
Created by:
GJBarry
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