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anatomy & oral struc
Stack #220981
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cranium | the portion of the skull that encloses the brain |
| temporal bones | two fan-shaped bones, one on each side of the skull, above each ear |
| parietal bones | two bones, one on each side, that make up the roof and side walls covering the brain |
| frontal bone | a single bone in the frontal or anterior region that makes up the forehead |
| occipital bone | one large, thick bone at the lower back of the head that forms the base of the skull and contains a large opening for the spinal cord |
| ethmoid bone | a spongy bone located between the eye orbits that helps form the roof and part of the anterior nasal fossa of the skull |
| sphenoid bone | a large bone at the base of the skull, situated between the occipital and ethmoid bones |
| zygomatic bones | two facial bones, one under each eye, that form and give shape to the cheek bone |
| malar | another name for the zygomatic bones |
| maxilla bones | two facial bones, one under each eye, that unite in the center to form the upper jaw and support the maxillar teeth |
| palatine bones | two bones, one each on the left and the right, that form the hard palate of the outh and the nasal floor |
| nasal bones | two bones, one left and one right, that form the arch or bridge of the nose |
| lacrimal bones | two bones, one each, at the inner side or nose site of the orbital cavity |
| inferior nasal conchae | two thin, scroll-like bones that form the lower part of the interior of the nasal cavity |
| mandible | the strong, horseshoe-shaped bone that forms the lower jaw |
| vomer | a single bone that forms the lower posterior part of the nasal septum |
| auditory ossicles | small bones in the ear |
| malleus ossicle | largest of the three ossicles in the middle ear; commonly called the mallet |
| incus ossicle | one of three ossicles in the middle ear; commonly called the anvil |
| stapes ossicle | one of three ossicles in the middle ear; commonly called the stirrup |
| hyoid | horseshoe-shaped bone lying at the base of the tongue |
| sinus | an air pocket or cavity in a bone that lightens the bone, warms the air intake, and helps form sounds |
| ethmoid sinus | located in the ethmoid bone at the side of each eye |
| sphenoid sinus | located in the sphenoid bone situated behind the eyes |
| frontal sinus | located in the frontal bone or the forehead above each eye |
| maxillary sinus | located in the maxilla |
| atrium of highmore | maxillary sinus that is easily seen and is used as a landmark for indentifying radiographs in the mounting of films |
| suture | a line where two or more bones unite in an immovable joint |
| sagittal suture | the union line between the two parietal bones on the top of the skull |
| coronal suture | juction of the frontal and the parietal bones "soft spot" |
| fontanel | (little fountain) "soft spot" |
| lambdoid suture | located between the parietal bone and the upper border of the occipital bone |
| temporoparietal suture | located between the temporal and parietal bones |
| squamous suture | another name for the temporoparietal suture |
| posterior nasal spine suture | located in the upper arch between the nasal bone and superior maxilla |
| median palatine suture | the union between the palatine bones |
| incisive suture | located in the anterior area of the pre-maxilla and palatine processes |
| nasion | a point where the nasofrontal suture is cut across by the middle plane of the skull |
| process | is a progection or outgrowth of bone or tissue |
| symphysis | in the center of the mandible, forms the chin, also called the mental or chin protuberance |
| protuberance | projection |
| alveolar | bone growth or border of the maxilla and the mandible makes up and forms the tooth sockets |
| condyloid | posterior growth on the ramus of the mandible |
| coronoid | anterior growth on the ramus of the mandible that serves as the attachment position for the temporalis muscle |
| frontal | projection of maxilla meeting with the frontal one to form the eye orbit |
| infraorbital | growth process from the zygomatic bone that articulates with the maxilla to form the lower side of the eye orbit |
| mastoid | growth on the temporal bone behind the ear that is used for muscle attachment |
| pterygoid | (wing-shapped) growth of the sphenoid bone extending downward from the bone; the most interior end of the process is know as the pterygoid hamulus |
| pterygoid hamulus | a hook-like end that serves as a site for muscle attachment |
| styloid | small, pointed growth from the lower border of the temporal bone; serves as a bone position for attachment of some tongue muscles |
| foramen | and opening or hole in the bone for nerve and vessel passage |
| external auditory meatus | a large opening in the temporal bone used for the passage of auditory nerves and vessels |
| magnum | opening in the occipital bone for spinal cord passage |
| mandibular | located on the lingual side of the ramus of the mandible, permits nerve and vessels passage |
| mental | (chin) opening situated on left and right anterior areas of the mandible |
| lingual | small opening in the center of the mental spine for nerve passage to the incisor area |
| incisive | an opening in the maxilla behind the central incisors on the midline |
| supraorbital | an opening in the frontal bone above the eye orbit |
| infraorbital | an opening in the maxilla under the eye orbit |
| palatine | anterior and posterior openings in the hard palate |
| zygomaticofacial | an opening in the zygomatic bone |
| periosteum | fibrous membrane |
| mucoperiosteum | when the periosteum has a mucous surface |
| lining mucosa | mucous membrane that lines the inner surfaces of the lips and cheeks |
| masticatory mucosa | elastic type of mucous membrane that undergoes stress and pull |
| specialized mucosa | smoother mucous tissue found on the dorsal side of the tongue |
| ramus | ascending part of the mandible that arises from the curved, lower arch |
| angle of the mandible | area along the lower edge of the mandible where the upward curve of the mandible forms |
| sigmoid notch | s-shaped curvature between the condyle and coronoid processes |
| mylohyoid ridge | bony ridge on the lingual surface of the mandible |
| oblique line | slanted, bony growth ridge on the facial side of the mandible |
| retromolar area | the space located to the rear of the mandibular molars |
| mandibular notch | an indentation on the lower border of the mandible, near the angle where the ramus starts into its upright position |
| articulates | comes together |
| articular eminence | forms the anterior boundary of the fossa and helps maintain the mandible in position |
| meniscus | articular disc |
| synovail fluid | cushions and lubricates the joint as it works in a hinge action movement |
| mastication | chewing |
| temporal muscle | a fan-shaped muscle on each side of the skull; elevates and lowers the jaw and can draw the mandible backward |
| masseter muscle | the muscle that closes the mouth; the principal mastication muscle |
| internal pterygoid muscle | (wing-shaped)muscle that raises the mandible to close the jaw |
| external pterygoid muscle | muscle that opens the jaw and thrusts the mandible forward; assists with lateral movement |
| orbicularis oris muscle | (kissing muscle) a cirbular muscle surrounding the mouth that compacts, compresses, and protrudes the lips |
| buccinator muscle | principle cheek muscle; compresses the cheek, expels air through the lips, and aids in food mastication |
| mentalis muscle | muscle of the chin (mental) that moces the chin tissue and raises or lowers the lower lip |
| trigeminal nerve | a motor and sensory never that emerges from the brain and branches out |
| gasserian ganglion | mass of nerves |
| ophthalmic gasserian ganglion | a sensory nerve division with three branches |
| lacrimal nerve | provides sensation for the lacrimal gland and eye conjunctiva |
| frontal nerve | provides sensation for the forehead, scalp, uppereyelid, and nasal root |
| nasociliary nerve | provides sensation for nose, eye, and eyebrow |
| maxillary gasserian ganglion | a sensory division of the trigeminal nerve, with several branches |
| anterior palatine nerve | provides sensation for the hard palate, periosteum, and mucous membrane for molars and premolar teeth |
| middle palatine nerve | provides sensation for the soft palate, the uvula, and upper or soft part of the palate |
| olfactory nerve | smell |
| optic nerve | vision |
| oculomotor nerve | upper eyelid and eyeball movement |
| trochlear nerve | eye movement and sensation |
| trigeminal nerve | dental and face nerve |
| abducens nerve | lateral eye sense and movement |
| facial nerve | taste sense and facial expression |
| vestibulocochlear nerve | equilibrium, hearing, sensation |
| glossopharyngeal nerve | taste sensation, swallowing, regulation breathing |
| vagus nerve | taste sensation of epiglottis, pharynx, blood pressure, smooth muscle of gastrointestinal system, heart rate, digestion |
| accessory nerve | body sensation, muscles of shoulders |
| hypoglossal nerve | body sensation, tongue movement in speech and swallowing |
| posterior palatine nerve | provides sensation for the tonsils and the soft palate |
| nasopalatine nerve | provides sensation for the nose and the palate |
| infraorbital nerve | subdivides into three parts: anterior, middle, and posterior |
| anterior nerve | provides sensation to maxillary centrals, laterals, and canines |
| middle nerve | provides sensation to the maxillary premolars and the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar |
| posterior nerve | provides sensation the the maxiallary second and third molar, and to the remaining roots of the maxillary first molar |
| zygomatic nerve | provides sensation to the lacrimal and upper cheek area |
| sphenopalatine nerve | sensory nerve ending for the maxillary anterior mucosal and palatine tissues |
| mandibular gasserian ganglion | mixed nerve dividion that registers sensation and causes movement, has six branches |
| inferior alveolar nerve | provides sensation to the mandibular teeth |
| mylohyoid nerve | provides sensation to some muscles in the floor of the mouth |
| mental nerve | provides sensation to the skin of chin and the lower lip |
| incisive nerve | provides sensation to the anterior teeth and alveoli |
| lingual nerve | provides some sensation to the tongue and causes some movement |
| buccal nerve | provides sensation to the buccal gingiva and mucosa |
| carotid artery | rises from the aorta right and left and divides in the neck to form two arteries |
| internal carotid artery | blood supply to the brain and eyes |
| external carotid artery | branches to the throat, face, tongue, and ears |
| infraorbital branch | provides blood to the maxillary anterior teeth |
| inferior branch | provides blood to the mandibular teeth |
| facial branch | provides blood to the face, tonsils, palate, and submandibular gland |
| lingual branch | divides into brances to serve the tongue, tonsils, soft palate, and throat |
| maxillary branch | provides blood to the maxillary teeth |
| jugular vein | transports blood from the head to the hear; drains to the internal jugular through three dividions |
| facial division | carries blood from the face structures |
| maxillary division | carries blood from the maxillary region |
| pterygoid venus plexus | (network) collects the blood supply from the head |
| capillaries | tiny blood bessels that help to transport blood from the veins to the arteries |
| expectorate | spit |
| serum | watery fluid |
| mucin | sticky, slimy secretion |
| enzymes | body-produced chemicals |
| parotid | the larges salivary gland, located near the ear |
| submandibular | a smaller gland located on the lower side of the face that secretes mucin and serus fluids with enzymes |
| sublingual | smallest major salicary gland, situated in the floor of the mouth |
| lymph | vessels that transport lymph fluid of plasma, water, and waste products |
| lymph capillaries | tiny vessels or tubes that carry lymph fluid |
| lymph node | a mass of lymph cells forming a unit of lymphatic tissue that are named after the formation site |
| tonsil | a lymphatic tissue mass found in the posterior of the throat between the anterior and posterior fauces and on the back of the tongue; tonsils act as filters |
| adenoid | lymphatic tissue found in the nasopharynx area; may provide protection similar to tonsils |
| antigens | foreign, pathogenic substances intoduced into or produced by the body |
| lymphocytes | lymph cells that assist in body defenses; b produce antibodies; T call the B |
| immunoglobulin | plasma-made proteins, produced in lymph tissue, that are capable of acting as antibodies in the immune response |
| interferon | proteins produced by cells exposed to viruses; help to provide immunity to unaffected cells |
| macrophages | large phagocyte cells that ingest antigens and inflammatory bodies |
| microphanges | neutrophilic cells that ingest smaller matter, such as bacteria |
| superior oris | upper lip |
| inferium oris | lower lip |
| vermilion border | area where the pink-red lip tissue meets the facial skin |
| philturm | median groove in the center external surface of the upper lip |
| caruncle | small, fleshy mucous tissue elevations under the tongue |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| median sulcus | groove depression |
| papillae | tissue growth |
| dorsal | back |
| circumvallate | the largest, v-shaped papillae, situated on the dorsal aspect of the tongue; sense bitter tastes |
| filiform | the smallest, hair-like papillae covering the entire dorsal aspect of the tongue; so not sense taste |
| fungiform | small, dark-red papillae on the middle and anterior dorsal surface and along the sides o the tongue; sense sweet, sour, and salty tastes |
| foliate | on the posterior lateral borders of the tongue, and can be seen if the tongue is grasped with gauze and extende; sense sour tastes |
| palate | roof of the mouth |
| hard palate | composed of the palatine processes of the maxillae bones |
| rugae | irregular folds or bumps on the surface |
| incisive papilla | tissue growth situated at the anterior portion of palate behind the maxillary centrals |
| palatine raphe | (ridge between the union of two halves) white streak in the middle of the palate |
| soft palate | flexible portion of the palate; area where the gag reflex is present |
| uvula | tissue structure hanging from the palate in the posterior of the oral cavity |
| vestibule | open gum area between the teeth and the cheek |
| fauces | constricted opening or passage lending from the mouth to the oral pharynx |
| glossopalatine | anterior pillars |
| pharyngopalatine | posterior pillars |
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b_nybabe101
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