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Opma
Chapter 8- Quality management & control
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Quality costs is divided into 2 categories. Which one ? | Control costs(proactive) and failure costs(reactive) |
| The cost of improving process design and product design is which kind of quality costs ? | Prevention costs |
| The costs of lawsuits from injury from use of the product is which kind of quality costs ? | External failure costs |
| The costs of quality audit is which kind of quality costs ? | Appraisal cost |
| The costs resulting from yield losses is which kind of quality costs ? | Failure costs |
| Quality can be improved if money can be moed out of `failure costs` and into ` control costs`. No new money needed. T/F ? | True |
| Quality goes up, costs go down. Which view from proactive improvement of quality? | Deming's view |
| Failsafing ? | creating a control condition where the customer or employee can only take the correct action while performng the process |
| Good way to formalize previous ` lessons learned`. easy to use, effective & efficient, share best pratices. Who am I ? | Checklists |
| What are the 4 components of cost of quality ? | prevention, control, failure, appraisal |
| 5 components of fitness for use(ketchup bottle) | quality of design quality of conformance availability safety field use |
| What are the 2 categories to define quality ? | Technical (core element od the good/service) and functional (customer perception of the product/service) |
| Tell me some effective service guarantees | unconditional, easy to understand, meaningful, easy and quick to collect etc. |
| The goal is to reduce process variation to only 3.4 defect per million are produced by a process that involves a high volume of manufactured units or service transactions | Six sigma black belt certification ( lead process improvement project and team) |
| What PDCA cycle means ? | Plan, do, check, act. Principle of continuous improvement |
| What ISO means ? | International Organization for Standardization |
| My goal is to facilitate international trade by providing a single set of standards that people everywhere will recognize and respect. | ISO 9000 ( generic management system standard) |
| I'm a quality certification primarily concerned with environental management. | ISO 14000 |
| I'm a voluntary guidance tool on social and environmental responsabilities. | ISO 26000 |
| The variability in demand is amplified as we move from the customer to the producer in the supply chain | Bullwhip effect |
| My graph has a bar chart of frequencies + a line of cumulative percentage. My chart has events ranked in decreasing order of importance. | Pareto analysis |
| 3 quality control graphic tool | Pareto analysis Scatter diagrams Fishbone diagram ( causes-effects) |
| Measure of central tendency | X= Average |
| Measure of dispersion | R= Range |
| The distribution of sample means can be approximated by... ? | The normal distribution. ( approve the central limit theorem) |
| The distribtion of sample means will have Greater/Lower variability than the individual process distribution ? | Lower |
| The distribtion of sample means will have an average Greater/Lower/Same than the individual process distribution ? | Same mean as the individual process distribution |
| When the process is not operating in a usual way, the variation is not purely random . | Out of control |
| Difference between an attribute and a variable | Attributes is data that we can count, variables data that we can measure |
| Other evidence that the process requires investigation | - Trends in either direction - Erratic behavior (far from the middle line) - two consecutive points close to UCL/LCL - Run of 5 points above/ below central line |
| Measures whether or not the output will routinely meet the design specifications. | Process capability |
| USL/LSL specification limits are externally set (someone else) and are not affected by improving the process ( T/F) | True |
| When the sample says that there is a problem, so we stop and finnaly there is no problem. Which type of error is this ? | Type I error, also call producer risk, because he is the one loosing profit. |
| When the sample says that its okay when there is a problem,No action is taken. Which type of error is this | Type II error, also call consumer risk, because he can get a defect object when he thought it was good. |
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