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Blood
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Plasma | Glucose and other nutrients are transported by this |
| Rbc | O2/CO2 is carried by this The percentage of the total volume of blood that is this component is called hematocrine |
| Wbc | These cells fight infection & are found in a variety of forms Types of cells called : eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes |
| Platelets | Clotting is accomplished by this Are fragments of megakaryocytes |
| Reticukocytes | An immature form of an Rbc |
| Anemia | Condition which arises from low hemoglobin content |
| Polycythemia | A condition of excessive Rbc production ( cancer of Rbc ) |
| Leukocytosis | A condition of abnormally high wbc production ; normally seen in acute infection |
| Leukopenia | A condition of insufficient wbc formation |
| Leukemia | A cancer of wbc ; immature cells are unable to perform their normal function |
| Hemophilia | A genetic defect in clotting mechanisms resulting in uncontrolled bleeding |
| Thrombocytopenia | A condition of insufficient platelets |
| Hemolytic disease of the newborn | A condition resulting from th incompatibility |
| Prothrombin activator | Converts to thrombin |
| Thrombin | Converts fibrinogen to fibrin |
| Fibrin | Proteins which form the clot meshwork |
| Platelets | Exposed collagen on injured vessel wall releases chemicals which make these sticky and cause them to form a plug |
| Thrombus | A persistent clot in an uninjured vessel |
| Embolus | A free floating clot which can lodge in an end artery & cause a stroke , heart attack , etc |
| 5 L | Total volume of blood |
| 3L | Is plasma ( liquid component) |
| 2-2.5 L | Is the cellular component |
| Water | 92% of the total liquid volume |
| Organic components of plasma | Amino acids , lipids , glucose , nitrogenous waste , electrolytes ( Na, K , Cl , HCO3 - , H+ , Ca++ ) vitamins |
| Albumin | Most abundant protein ; creates an osmotic gradient ( draws fluids back to circulatory system ) & acts as a carrier molecule |
| Albumin acts as a carrier molecule for : | Cholesterol , steroids & drugs . |
| Antibodies | Are involved in bodily defense by binding to foreign proteins |
| Antibodies are also knows as | Immunoglobulins or igs or globulins |
| Fibrinogen | Is a protein involved in the clotting mechanism |
| What proteins are also found in circulation ? | Protein hormones and enzymes |
| RBC ( erythrocytes ) | Are responsible for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| WBC ( leukocytes ) | Are cells that defend agains microbial invasion |
| Platelets ( rhombocytes) | Are cells involved in coagulation ( clotting process) |
| What are the classified granulocytes ? | Neutrophils , eosinophils , basophils |
| Monocytes | Are circulating cells that convert to macrophages ( big eaters ) ; they can consume large numbers of bacteria |
| Lymphocytes | Are specialized, sophisticated wbc involved in the specific immune response they can be of the T cell or B cell variety |
| What are 3 phagocytic cells ? | Monocytes , macrophages , Neutrophils |
| Leukopenia | a condition reflecting low numbers of circulating wbcs |
| What are the growth factors that stimulate wbc production ? | Csf & interleukins |
| Hematocrine | Is the percentage of blood that is rbc |
| Reticulocytes | immature circulating rbc |
| Erythroprotein | a growth factor or hormone which stimulates rbc production |
| What is the stimulus used for secretion of rbc production or low oxygen in the tissue ? | Hypoxia |
| Heme | The portion of the hemoglobin molecule that binds oxygenn/ carbon dioxide ; it has an iron component |
| 4 protein chains makeup what portion of the hemoglobin? | Globin |
| Bilirubin | is the heme breakdown product ; it is tranported to the liver and icorporated into bile , which is deliverd to the GI tract. |
| What are the three things that are needed to manufacture rbc's? | Iron, Vitamin B-12, & Folic Acid |
| Hyperbilirubina | Is a condition which manifests in yello pigmentation ( jaundice ) of skin & sclera |
| Polycythemia | is a condition marked by excessive rbc's in circulation |
| What are 4 types of anemia? | Nutritional, pernicious, hemolytic, aplastic |
| GlycohemoglobinHg or Hga1c | Reflects glucose levels in serum over an 8-12 week period ; it is a good clinical indicator of short term plasma glucose levels |
| What are the 3 components of prevention of blood loss through clotting ? | Vascular spasm, plug formation & Clot formation |
| What are the 3 chemical mediators of platelet binding to an injured blood vessel site through the initial stimulus of exposed collagen ? | thromoxane a2 , Adp & platelet activating factor |
| PAF | Activates thromboxane a2 |
| Prostacyclin | prevents neighboring , healthy blood vessel wall from forming a clot |
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lin_linxo
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