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PlebInfectionControl
Phlebotomy, Infection Control
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is another name for Hospital acquired infection? | Noscomial (NOS) Infections. |
| Define infection. | Invasion of micro-organisms in the body that cause disease. |
| What are the three links in the so called "chain of infection"? | 1. Source. 2. Means of transmission. 3. Suseptible host. |
| What is Universal precautions? | Assume EVERONE is infected. |
| Name four infectious organisms that cause the human body disease? | Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists. |
| What are the five ways infectious agents can be spread? (means of transmission). | 1.Contact (direct or indirect). 2. Droplet. 3. Airborne. 4. Common vehicle. 5. Vector. |
| Which means of transmission is the most common? | Contact transmission. |
| Explain Contact transmission. | Direct:::Transfer of microorganisms from an infected person directly to a susceptible host by physical contact. Indirect:::involves contact between a susceptible host and a fomite. (needle, medical instruments, bedrail) |
| What different ways can a person get infected by droplet transmission? | Droplets,(sneezing,coughing,talking). Liquid splashes and aerosol when uncapping a tube. |
| How big is a droplet particle? | 5 micrometers or more. Usually won't travel further than 3 feet. |
| What is airborne transmission? | Airborne droplet nuclei or dust particles that contain the infectious microorganism. |
| How big is a droplet nuclei? | Smaller that 5 micrometers. Stays in air longer, and can be inhaled causing disease. |
| What are some diseases that usually spread by droplet nuclei? | Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Rubeola(measles) and Varicella-zoster(chickenpox) |
| What are some infectious agents spread by air is commonly found in the environment? | Aspergilus and anthrax. |
| What is "Common vehicle transmission"? | common source of infection. Food, water, medicatons etc. |
| Give two examples of infections caused by common vehicle. | Salmonellosis and Listeriosis. |
| What is Vector Transmission? | Infections carried by insects and ticks that are not harmed by their presence. Called VECTOR |
| Give examples of Vector transmitted diseases. | Malaria, Yellow fever, Lyme disease, Rocky mountain spotted fever. |
| How does the chain of infection get broken? | By disrupting the continious chain from source to host. Mainly by using Personal Protective Equipment(PPE). Standard precautions & exposure control plan. |
| What is the single most important and effective means of preventing the spread of infections? | Hand hygene |
| What are the required PPE for Phlebotomists every time they draw blood? | Lab coat & gloves. |
| When would you use a face shield? | When there is risk of splatter or large droplet transmission. |
| When would you use a mask? | Splatter & droplet transmission risk. Droplet nuclei (coughing etc.) |
| What is the purpose of a respirator as personal protection? | They prevent the inhalation of airborne microorganisms. Filters out 95% of of airborne particles and have standards set by OSHA. Also called N95 |
| What does OSHA mean? | The Occupational Safety and Health Administration. |
| What is the purpose of OSHA? | It is a regulatory enforcement agency for employee health and safety that has authority over ALL industries. |
| (NOTE) Read The Bloodbourne Pathogens Standard set by OSHA, on pg. 44. | Read |
| What does Isolation mean? | the separation of an infection source from a susceptible host. |
| Give an example of when Isolation would be used? | To protect a patient from infectious agents in the environment or carried by staff or visitors.----Can also be used to protect the staff, visitors or other patients if the patient is infected. |
| What is negative air pressure? | Air flows in to room, not out. Commonly with TB |
| What is Protective Environment? (PE) | An immunocompromised person may have their own isolation room in order to minimize the risk of acquring an infection. |
| Explain the 2 tiers of Isolation Precautions. | Tier 1 uses standard precautions. Tier 2 uses Expanded precautions. Here the patient is known or suspected of harboring infectious disease like MRSA or VRE. |
| What are the three EP's? (expanded precautions) | Airborne, Droplet & contact. |
| Give examples of how the Phlebotomist may be exposed to BBPs? (bloodbourne pathogens) | Needle stick***Scalpel cuts etc.****contact of mucuous membrane by splash or touch****contact with non-intact skin with gloves etc.***contact with lab equipment contaminated with fluids by nail biting etc.***Droplet aerosol by removal of top of tube.*** |
| How long can the HIV virus live outside the body? | 1-3 days AFTER drying! |
| What solution would we use when disenfection our Phlebotomy tray? | 10% bleach solution-freshly made. |
| If you drop and spill a tube of blood, what would be the general guide line for clean up? | Wear gloves. Use 10% bleach solution as disinfectant. Clean up visible blood first. Disinfect entire area. Allow bleach to remain in contact with area for 20 minutes. |
| What does Neutropenic Transmission mean? | Exposing and immune compromised patient to infection. |
| What are Neutropenic Precautions? | Wash hands prior to entering patient room. Wear mask. Don't enter if you have a cold. No flowers or plants. |
| How long should you wash your hands? | 15 seconds. |
Created by:
Leilac
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