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Physiology
Muscle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sarcolem | membrane of muscle cell. |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum | is where Ca2+ is stored. |
| Sliding filament theory: Rigor state | position 1. myosin head has tight grip on actin. and no ATP present |
| Resting state | ATP is present, myosin detaches and weakly rebinds to actin at 90 degree (position ). however, no yet move actin. |
| Power stroke | Ca2+ presents. Myosin returns to 45 degree angle crossbridge while still bounds to position 2. This action, actin is moved toward M-line. ADP leave the myosin head and temporary returns to rigor state. |
| Present of Ca2+ | the continuous present of Ca2+ will keep pushing the actin toward the M-line. if ca2+ drops or no more ca2+ actin is pulled back to original position with titin and nobulin ( elastic fiber) |
| Death state | rigor state, no ATP present, myosin tight grip on actin. |
| sleep | resting state, ATP present ( not being used, but hang around), no Ca2+ present, therefore, no power stroke. |
| running | Lots of ATP and Ca2+ is present, therefore power stroke occur. |
| How does lack of Ca2+ prevent power stroke? | There are two regulating protein: tropomysin and Troponin |
| Tropomysin | elongated protein that wrap around actin. it blocks myosin binding site, which prevent myosin from moving actin. |
| Troponin: Ca2+ binding protein that control the position of tropomysin | Ca2+ present, it binds to troponin ( changes its conformation) to move tropomysin out of the way from blocking the binding site, power stroke can now occur.if Ca2+ level drops, tropomysin go back to blocking. nebulin + titin are used during relaxation. |
| How a somatic motor neuron stimulate skeletal muscle to conract? | Excitation -contraction coupling. 1. exocytosis of acetylcholine (Ach) into synaptic cleft.2. Ach binds to Ach gated Na+channel causes Na+ influx and K eflux lead to action potential. 3. Act.pot. sweep across sacolema in both direction and down T-tubule. |
| continued | ADP receptor in T-tubule change conformation due to action potential. Mechanically gated Ca2+ channel on Sarcolema opens.5. Ca2+ flood cytoplasm and binds to troponin, which move tropomysin----toward the M-line (power stroke) |
| No Ach | No Ach, the stimulation of neuron would stop, Ca2+ ATPase pumps Ca2+ back into SR--back to resting state |
| cycle twitch | a single action potential from neuron causes a single excitation contraction. |
| Aerobic respiration | made about 36 ATP/glucose. provide 95% of our ATP |
| Anaerobic respiration | 2ATP/glucose. last 30-60 second worth of ATP |
| phophocreatin | Donate its P to make ATP and provide about 20-30 second |
| Lipolysis | breaking fat for energy of no glucose around to use to make ATP |
Created by:
katzz
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