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6.AR-Aud Stim in Com
Aural Rehab SLP401
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Auditory training | maximize residual hearing |
| Communication Factors (5) | 1.Source/Speaker 2.Message 3.Feedback 4.Environment 5.Receiver/Listener Interruption at any level will affect the communication. |
| Basic perception | Perceptual skills develop in the weeks following birth. Auditory system is fully developed by 5 months gestation. There are 340,000 distinguishable tones within the audible range of hearing. |
| Human Ear Frequency Range | 20 to 20,000 Hz |
| Human Ear Intensity Range | 0 to 130 or 140 dB SPL |
| Parameters of speech acoustics (3) | 1.Intensity Parameters 2.Frequency Parameters 3.Temporal Parameters |
| Vowel parameters | Higher intensity: they are the power of speech. Low/mid frequencies, several formants. Longer duration. |
| Consonant parameters | Lower intensity. Higher frequency. Shorter duration. Important to speech intelligibility. (Place, voice, manner) |
| Intensity parameters | 25 to 65 dB HL (whisper to shout). 28 to 56 dB difference from softest consonant to loudest vowel. |
| Frequency parameters | Acoustical energy from 50 to 10,000 Hz (greatest below 1000 Hz). |
| Suprasegmentals | Intonation. Rhythm. Stress. Pitch. Not confined to any single segment or phonetic element - superimposed throughout. |
| Temporal parameters | Duration of speech sounds: 20 - 400 ms |
| Transitional cues | Intensity, frequency, and duration differ in co-articulation. E.g., – prolonged vowel duration contributes to our perception of voicing in cons that follows. |
| Speech perception and comprehension | Reception is only the first step. Mere reception of speech elements does not ensure proper perception of the message. |
| Listening continuum expanded (7) | 1.Detection 2.Discrimination 3.Identification 4.Attention* 5.Memory* 6.Closure* 7.Comprehension |
| Speech perception and hearing loss (3) | 1.Physical properties 2.Redundancy 3.Noise |
| Physical properties - hearing | If hearing thresholds do not intersect with frequency and intensity parameters of speech sounds, there is a physical limit on ability to understand speech. |
| Redundancy | Redundancy = predictability. Themes that match the speaking context help provide redundancy ( talking about football at a football game.) |
| Constraints & redundancy | Syntactic, semantic, and situational constraints provide predictability. |
| Speaker constraints (3) | 1.Compliance with the rules of the language. 2.Use of appropriate articulation, intonation, stress. 3.Size and appropriateness of vocabulary. |
| Message constraints (4) | 1.Number of syllables, words, etc. 2.Amount of context. 3.Frequencies of the speech signal. 4.Intensity of the speech signal. |
| Environmental constraints (3) | 1.Noise. 2.Reverberation. 3.Number of situational cues present that are related to the message |
| Listener constraints (4) | 1.Familiarity with rules of the language. 2.Familiarity with message vocabulary. 3.Knowledge of the topic. 4.Hearing abilities. |
| Noise | ...reduces the amount of information present for the listener to use. |
| Noise within speaker (3) | Poor syntax. Abnormal articulation. Improper stress or inflection. |
| Noise within environment (4) | 1) Abnormal lighting. 2) Competing or distracting visual stimuli. 3) Competing or distracting auditory stimuli. 4) Reverberation. |
| Noise within listener | 1) Lack of familiarity with the rules of the language. 2) Inability to identify the topic of the message. 3) Poor listening skills. |
Created by:
ashea01
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