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Biochemistry- lipids
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the 5 categories of lipids? | energy storage liptids, membrane lipids, emulsification lipids, messenger lipids, protective coating lipids |
| what is an example of energy storage lipid? | triacylglycerols |
| What are examples of membrane lipids? | phospholipids, shingolipids and cholesterol |
| what is an example of a emulsification lipid? | bile acids |
| what are examples of messenger lipids? | steroid hormones and eicosanoids |
| what is an example of a protective coating lipid? | waxes |
| what are functions of lipids? | constituent of cell membranes, energy reserve, protection, nerve impulse transmission, synthesis of hormones, emulsifying agent, synthesis of bile salts, source of fat soluble vitamins, temperature regulation |
| what are building blocks of lipids? | fatty acids |
| what kind of bonds do saturated fatty acids contain? | only single bonds between carbons |
| what is a monounsaturated fatty acid? | contains only 1 double bond between carbons |
| what kind of bonds do unsaturated fatty acids contain? | at least 1 double bond between carbons |
| what is a fatty acid that contains 2 or more double bonds between carbons? | polyunsaturated fatty acid |
| what are key characteristics of all fatty acids? | long carbon backbone, -COOH (carboxyl) at one end, H's at most other sites, zig-zag conformation |
| what is stearic acid an example of? | a saturated fatty acid |
| what is oleic acid an example of? | a monounsaturated fatty acid |
| what is inolenic acid an example of? | a polyunsaturated fatty acid |
| how many types of fatty acids are there? | 100s |
| what are the most abundant saturated fatty acids in humans? | palmitic and stearic |
| what is the most abundant unsaturated fatty acid in humans? | oleic |
| what causes fatty acids to be different? | od carbons, degree of saturation and position of double bonds |
| how many carbons does palmitic fatty acid have? | 16 |
| how many carbons does stearic fatty acid have? | 18 |
| how many carbons does oleic fatty acid have? | 18 |
| what type of fatty acid is flexible? | saturated fatty acids |
| at room temperature saturated fatty acids are_____. | solid |
| at room temperature unsaturated fatty acids are____. | liquid |
| most ______ fats have a high proportion of saturated fatty acids. | animal |
| most ______ fats have a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. | plant |
| the chains of saturated fats pack are _______together. Why? | tightly packed because they are "straight" |
| the chains of unsaturated fats pack _______together. Why? | not tightly packed because they bend in chain due to double bonds |
| what type of lipid is most abundant in nature and the body? | energy- storing lipids |
| where is energy- stored lipids stored in the body? | adipose tissue (tiny droplets of triacyglycerois in the cells of body fats) |
| what is the most concentrated energy source available to cells? | triacylglycerols |
| what is the purpose of lipid deposits in adipose tissues? | cushioning of vital organs and shock protection |
| What contributes to the texture, taste and smell of foods? | Triacylglycerols |
| What makes up a triaclglycerol? | A glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
| What are 3 characteristics of fats? | Solid at room temperature, come from animal sources (exb butter or lard) and contain primarily saturated fatty acids |
| What are 3 characteristics of oils? | Liquid atroom temperature, come from plant sources (ex. corn oil, olive oil) and mostly mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids |
Created by:
jmabert