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TCM Midterm Review
TCM Basic Theory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Yi Ching? | - The Book of Changes - a book of divination - the study of yin and yang |
| In which direction did the Emperor face to receive the influence of Heaven or Yang? | South |
| What is the modern literal translation of the term "Wu Xing"? | Five Phases |
| What are the movements that correspond with each of the Five Elements? | Fire - Rises Wood - Expands Earth- Centers Metal- Contracts Water- Descends |
| What are the Three Treasures? | 1. Essence (Jing) 2. Qi 3. Mind (Shen) |
| What are the two types of True Qi? | Nutritive Qi (Ying Qi) and Defensive Qi (Wei Qi) |
| What is Yuan Qi? | - Original Qi - electrical energy - comes out at sources points |
| What is Gu Qi? | - Food Qi - transformation of food into Qi |
| What is Zong Qi (Gathering Qi)? | - Gu (Food) Qi + air |
| What is Zhen Qi (True Qi)? | - Used in all physiological processes in our body; has to be influenced by Original Qi (hormones); Two Types: Ying Qi and Wei Qi (Nutritive and Defensive Qi) |
| What is Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi)? | - nourishes organs - Nutrition (vitamins, minerals, sugars, etc) -a clear fluid that carries nutrients and electrolytes just beneath the skin |
| What is Wei Qi (Defensive Qi)? | - superficial part of the immune system - more external |
| Yuan Qi brings about the transformation of Gathering Qi into _____, it facilitates the transformation of food Qi into _____. | True Qi, Blood |
| The ____ is the place where the mind, spirit, and essence lodge. | Gate of Life (Ming Men) |
| Which organs have Qi that ascends? | Spleen and Liver |
| Which organs have Qi that descends? | Lungs, Heart, Kidney, Stomach, Intestines, Bladder |
| Qi enters and exits from the space between the skin and muscles. What is this space called? | Cou Li |
| What are the corresponding tissues for each of the 5 Zang Organs? | Lungs - Skin Spleen- Muscles Heart- Blood Vessels Kidneys- Bones Liver- Sinews |
| Describe the Upper Burner. | - related to Defensive Qi - Qi ascends and enters - under control of the lungs - skin and muscles |
| Describe the Middle Burner. | - related to Nutritive Qi - Qi ascends, descends, enters, and exits - under control of stomach and spleen - digests and sends Qi to lungs and heart |
| Describe the Lower Burner. | - Qi descends and exits - under control of the kidneys, bladder, and intestines - excretion of fluids and wastes |
| What are the Yin aspects of the Kidneys? | Renal function; minerals and water management |
| What are the Yang aspects of the Kidneys? | Adrenal function; essences (hormones) and Ming Men Fire (metabolism) |
| Identify the corresponding action each of the Three Burners has on Qi. | Upper Burner: diffuses Qi to skin and muscles Middle Burner: digests, transforms and transports Qi up to lungs and heart Lower Burner: excretion of fluids, descending Qi movement |
| If ____ Qi does not ascend, the pure essences will not be transported upwards and diarrhea will ensue. | Spleen |
| If ____ yin doesn't nourish liver yin, Liver Qi may ascend too much causes headaches and irritability. | Kidney |
| If ____ Qi doesn't descend, it will stagnate in the chest and cause a cough or asthma. | Lung |
| Qi is the ____ of Blood. | Commander |
| Blood is the _____ of Qi. | Mother |
| What are two types of fluids? | Jin and Ye (Clear Fluids and Turbid Liquids) |
| What organs are in the Upper Burner? | Lungs, Heart, Pericardium |
| What organs are in the Middle Burner? | Stomach, Spleen, Gall Bladder |
| What organs are in the Lower Burner? | Kidneys, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Liver |
| Which sense organ corresponds to each of the 5 Zang Organs? | Liver- Eyes Heart- Tongue Spleen- Mouth Lungs- Nose Kidneys- Ears |
| What emotions corresponds to each of the 5 Zang Organs? | Liver- Anger Heart- Overjoy/Mania Spleen- Pensiveness Lungs- Sadness/Worry Kidneys- Fear |
| Heart ____ blood. | Governs |
| Liver ____ blood. | Stores |
| Lungs govern ____ and influence _____ | Qi; body fluids |
| Where do the body fluids originate? | Stomach |
| Which organ transforms, separates, and excretes fluids? | Kidneys |
| Which organ diffuses blood? | Lungs |
| Kidneys store ____ and influence _____. | essence; body fluids |
| Spleen governs _____, holds ____, and influences _____. | Gu Qi; blood, body fluids |
| Which of the 5 Spirits corresponds to each of the 5 Zang Organs? | Heart- Mind (Shen) Spleen- Intellect (Yi) Liver- Ethereal Soul (Hun) Kidneys- Will Power (Zhi) Lungs- Corporeal Soul (Po) |
| What body fluid corresponds to each of the 5 Zang Organs? | Heart- sweat Lungs- nasal mucus Spleen- saliva Liver- tears Kidneys- spittle |
| What taste corresponds to each of the 5 Zang Organs? | Heart- burnt/bitter Spleen- sweet Lungs- pungent Kidneys- salty Liver- sour |
| What are the external manifestations of the 5 Zang Organs? | Heart- complexion Lungs- body hair spleen- lips Liver- nails Kidneys- head hair (and hormone related hair such as pubic hair) |
| What are the climates of the 5 Zang Organs? | Heart- heat Liver- Wind Spleen- dampness Lungs- dryness Kidneys- Cold |
| Spleen ____ blood. | Makes |
| The heart holds what political or administrative position? | Emperor or Monarch |
| During activity, the blood of the liver enters the _____. | Muscles and sinews |
| If the blood of the liver is stagnant, the periods will be ____. | Painful |
| What is another name for the Directing Vessel? | Ren Mai (basically the pituitary) |
| What is another name for the Penetrating Vessel? | Chong Mai (sex hormones: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone) |
| The liver nourishes the sinews. In relation to the sinews, what causes tremors or convulsions? | Liver Wind |
| Name the place to which Lung Qi is diffused or spread. | Cou Li |
| Chinese medical texts refer to the lungs with what name? | "The Lid" |
| What emotion knots lung Qi? | Worry |
| What emotions deplete Lung Qi? | Grief and Sadness |
| What are the two actions of the Spleen? | Transformation and Transportation |
| Spleen directs Food Qi upwards to lungs to combine with air to form ____ and to the heart to form ___. | Gathering Qi, Blood |
| Weakness in the rising function of the spleen can cause ____. | Prolapse of organs |
| What are the two essences stored in the Kidneys? | Preheaven and Postheaven |
| What are the functions of marrow? | - fills the bones - fills the brain and spinal chord - nourishes the brain - contributes to making blood |
| Before the Ming dynasty, Ming Men was which of the 2 kidneys? | Right |
| Name one of the three names for the Pericardium. | 1. Master of the Heart 2. Envelope of the Heart 3. Connecting Channel of Envelope of the Heart |
| Dangerously high fevers are characteristic of invasion of the pericardium by what pathogen? | Heat |
| Deficiency of blood will affect the Pericardium and Heart. What symptoms are caused in this condition? | Depression and anxiety |
| Heart ____ descends to warm Kidney ____ which then ascends to nourish and cool the heart. | Yang, Yin |
| The liver is on the ____ and its Qi ___. | left, ascends |
| The lungs are on the ____ and its Qi ____. | right, descends |
| Stagnant Liver Qi disrupts the spleen's ability to ___ and ___ food and fluids. | Transform and transport |
| The Spleen is the root of ___, where as the Kidneys are the root of ____. | Post Heaven Qi, Preheaven Qi |
| If Spleen Qi cannot make enough blood, this will lead to Heart blood deficiency. Identify some of the symptoms of this condition. | Dizziness, insomnia, poor memory, palpitations |
| In Chinese the Yang organs are called ___, which can mean governing center or palace. | Fu |
| The Classic of Difficulties says the middle burner is in the stomach and controls the __ and ___ of food and drink. | Rotting and Ripening |
| The stomach sends food downward to which organ? | Small Intestine |
| If Liver Qi stagnates in the middle burner, it can interfere with the descending function of Stomach Qi. List 3 symptoms of this condition. | 1. Belching 2. Vomiting 3. Hiccupping |
| Small Intestine separates food and drink into a ___ part which goes to the Spleen and a ___ part which goes to the large intestine and bladder. | Clean, dirty (or clear and turbid) |
| The small intestine influences what mental capacity? | Mental clarity, judgement, discernment |
| State the main function of the large intestine. | To receive food and drink from the small intestine. |
| The main mental aspect of the large intestine is ____. | The capacity for letting go |
| To which organ/channel is the large intestine interiorly/exteriorly related? | The lungs |
| The Gall Bladder stores a refined essence. What is this substance called? | Bile |
| The Gall Bladder controls what mental capacity? | Decision making (also gives courage and initiative) |
| The liver provides the sinews with ___ and the gall bladder providers sinews with ____. | Blood, Qi |
| Bladder removes water by Qi transformation. The Qi to preform this comes from _____. | Kidneys |
| The Lower Burner is described as or compared to what? | A ditch |
| What is the place where original Qi resides? | Ming Men (or Gate of Life) |
| The Triple Burner is the official in charge of ____. | irrigation and waterways |
| What are the Fu organs related to each of the 5 Elements? | Wood- Gall Bladder Earth- Stomach Metal- Large Intestine Fire- Small Intestine Water- Bladder |
| All the Extraordinary yang organs store a refined essence. What are these called? | Bile, Blood, and Marrow |
| The Extraordinary yang organs are all related to what internal organ? | Kidneys |
| Name the 2 Extraordinary Vessels that flow through the uterus. | Directing (Ren Mai) and Penetrating (Chong Mai) |
| ___ and ___ descends to the uterus to promote discharge of menstrual blood during the period and eggs during ovulation. | Heart Qi and Heart Blood |
| What is the extraordinary yang organ called in men? | Zi Bao or Room of Essence |
| In TCM, what is the brain called? | Sea of Marrow |
| Kidney essence produces ___ which gathers to fill the brain. | Marrow |
| The brain also depends on the heart, especially heart _____. | Blood |
| The term "Palace of Blood" refers to which of the extraordinary organs? | Blood Vessels |
| The bones are the residence of the ____. | Marrow |
| Name the Four Seas. | 1. Sea of Marrow (Xue Hai) 2. Sea of Blood (Chong Mai) 3. Sea of Qi (Qi Hai) 4. Sea of Food (Gu Hai) |
| Identify how each emotion effects Qi. Anger, Joy, Sadness, Worry, Pensiveness, Fear, Shock | Anger- Qi Rises Joy- Slows Qi Sadness- dissolves Qi Worry- Knots Qi Pensiveness- Knots Qi Fear- Qi descends Shock- Scatters Qi |
| What is the name of the model for diagnosis described by Zhang Zhong Jing? | The Theory of the 6 stages (used for cold diseases) |
| Identify two diagnostic models of warm disease. | 1. The Four Levels 2. The Three Burners |
| What are the two major symptoms of invasion of exterior pathogens? | Fever and aversion to cold |
| What are the two possible causes of constitutional weakness? | 1. Age of parents 2. Health of parents |
| List any 6 of the 10 miscellaneous causes of disease. | 1. overwork 2. drugs 3. wrong treatment 4. diet 5. weak constitution 6. trauma 7. excessive physical activity 8. excessive sexual activity 9. medications 10. toxins or poisons |
| Overwork is a major causes of what kind of deficiency? | Kidney Yin |
| Excessive physical work depletes the ____ and ____. | Spleen and Liver |
| Lack of physical exercise/activity will lead to stagnation of ___ with generation of ___. | Qi; dampness |
| Excessive sexual activity depletes the ___. | Kidney Essence |
| It could be said that mens sexual energy is more directly related to the ___ where as women's sexual energy is more related to ___. | Kidney Essence; Blood (specifically menstrual blood) |
| Light trauma causes ___ and severe trauma causes ___. | Qi stagnation; Blood Stasis |
| List the four types of diagnosis. | 1. Observation 2. Palpation 3. Interrogation 4. Auscultation |
| Moving quickly and throwing off the bed covers are signs of ___. | Heat Excess |
| Moving slowly, being cold, and liking to lie down are signs of ___. | Yang deficiency Cold |
| Small, fidgety movements are a sign of ___. | Yin deficiency heat |
| Spasms and tremors are a sign of ____. | Wind |
| What do the following colors of complexion indicate? Red, Green, Blue, Yellow, White, Black | Red- heat Green- liver issues/degrading health Blue- cold White- blood deficiency Black- Blood stasis Yellow- Damp |
| Cramping, spastic pain is caused by ___. | Cold |
| Throbbing, distended pain indicates ____. | Stagnation of Qi with Liver Yang Rising |
| Global cold indicates ___. | Kidney Yang deficiency |
| Excessive hunger stems from ___. | Stomach Heat |
| If vomiting is clear and watery, this means there is ___ in the stomach. | Cold |
| What causes diarrhea with undigested food? | Spleen Yang deficiency |
| Pale urine indicates what? | Cold |
| Dark urine indicates what? | Heat |
| Identify the pattern for the following types of head pain: 1. Heavy, distended 2. "inside" brain pain 3. fixed, stabbing, boring pain | 1. Dampness 2. Kidney deficiency 3. Blood Stasis |
| Ridged nails indicate ____. | Liver Blood deficiency |
| Red skin macules indicate ____. | Heat in the blood |
| Partially stripped or absent tongue coating indicates ____. | Stomach Yin deficiency |
| Infected bleeding gums with feeling of heat and a desire to drink indicates ____. | Stomach heat |
| ____ usually causes tingling, whereas phlegm and ___ causes more numbness. | Blood stasis; wind |
| Insomnia with frequent waking, night sweats, and palpitations indicate ____. | Heart and Kidney Yin deficiency with heat |
| Insomnia with heaviness, bloating, restless sleep, and excessive dreaming indicates ___. | Retention of food |
| Night sweating is an indication of ___. | Yin Deficiency |
| Sweating during the day (with exertion) is an indication of ___. | Yang deficiency |
| Sweating from the chest and head only indicates ____. | Dampness |
| Is a loud, whistling high pitched tinnitus an indication of liver excess of kidney deficiency? | Liver Excess |
| Is the feeling of pressure in the eyes an indication of liver yin deficiency or kidney yin deficiency? | Kidney Yin deficiency |
| What causes fever only with emanating heat? | Interior invasion of pathogens |
| What causes fever and chills simultaneously? | Exterior invasion of pathogens |
| What causes alternating fever and chills? | half interior, half exterior invasion of pathogens |
| What is it called when Qi stagnates and causes cold limbs? | Four Rebellions |
| Describe the Wood body type. | Greenish complexion, small head, long face, broad shoulders, straight back, sinewy body, tall, small hands and feet |
| Describe the Fire body type | red complexion wide teeth pointed, small head well developed shoulders curly hair or not much hair small hands and feet walks briskly |
| Describe the Earth body type. | yellowish complexion round face wide jaws large head well developed shoulders and back large abdomen large thighs and calf muscles well built muscles |
| Describe the Metal body type. | (WILL!) Pale complexion square face small head small shoulders and upper back flat abs strong voice |
| Describe the Water body type. | dark complexion wrinkly skin large head broad cheeks narrow shoulders large abdomen long spine |
Created by:
APrenger
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