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Bio 168 Exam 1
Exam 1 Chapters 1,2 and Half of 3
Question | Answer |
---|---|
_______ studies the STRUCTURE of body parts and their relationships to one another. | Anatomy |
_______ concerns the FUNCTION of the body, in other words, how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities. | Physiology |
Gross, macroscopic, regional, systemic, surface, microscopic, and developmental anatomy are all topics under Anatomy OR Physiology? | Anatomy |
Renal, neurophysiology, and cardiovascular are topics under Anatomy or Physiology? | Physiology |
"Although it is possible to study anatomy and physiology individually, they are really inseparable because function always reflects structure." This is key concept is called what? | Principle of Complementarity of Structure and Function |
The Six levels of organization? | Chemical=>Cellular=>Tissue=>Organ=> Organ System=>Organism |
Name the 11 Body Systems | Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Male Reproductive, Female Reproductive. |
Body covering or Skin, protects deeper tissues from injury. | Integumentary |
Protects and supports body organs, provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement. | Skeletal |
Main Function of Integumentary System | Barrier |
Main function of Skeletal System | Framework |
Main Function of Muscular System | Movement |
Main Function of Nervous System | Rapid Communication |
Main Function of Endocrine System | Slow Communication |
Main Function of Cardiovascular System | Transport |
Main Function of Lymphatic System | Immunity |
Main Function of Respiratory System | Gas Exchange |
Main Function of Digestive System | Obtain Nutrients |
Main Function of Urinary System | Excrete Fluid Waste |
Main Function of Reproductive System | New Offspring |
Why study Anatomy and Physiology together? | Because function always reflects structure |
8 Characteristics of Life | Maintain Boundaries, Metabolism (All the chemical reactions in the body), Growth, Respond to Stimuli, Reproduction, Digestion= Obtain small molecules, Excretion=Feces, urine, exhale, sweat, Movement= External, Internal |
5 External Environmental requirements to sustain life | Oxygen, Water, Nutrients, Temperature, Pressure (Air pressure) |
______ is the ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside changes continuously. | Homeostasis |
What does feedback control? | |
What is Anatomical Position? | Erect, facing forward, arms at side, feet slightly apart, palms forward |
This plane vertically divides the body into anterior and posterior parts | Frontal/Coronal Planes |
This plane divides the body into left and right parts | Sagittal/Median Plane |
This plane divides the body into EQUAL left and right parts. | Midsagittal |
This plane horizontally divides the body into Superior and Inferior parts | Transverse Plane |
What are the two major Body Cavities? | Dorsal and Ventral Body Cavities |
Which body cavity contains the brain? | Cranial |
Which body cavity contains the spinal cord? | Vertebral or Spinal Cavity |
Which body cavity contains the heart and the lungs? | Thoracic |
Which Pleural Cavities contain what? | Lungs |
The Pericardial Cavity contains what? | Heart |
The Thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by what dome shaped muscle important in breathing? | Diaphragm |
This Cavity contains the stomach, liver, intestines, spleen and other organs | Abdominal Cavity |
The Pelvic Cavity includes? | Urinary bladder, some reproductive organs and the rectum |
What organs are found in the Right Hypochondriac region? | Liver, Gallbladder |
What organs are found in the Right Lumbar region? | Ascending Colon |
What organs are found in the Right Iliac (Inguinal Region)? | Cecum, Appendix |
What organs are found in the Epigastric Region? | Stomach |
What organs are found in the Umbilical Region? | Small Intestine, Transverse Colon |
What organs are found in the Hypogastric Region? | Urinary Bladder |
What organs are found in the Left Hypochondriac Region? | Diaphragm, Spleen |
What organs are found in the Left Lumbar Region? | Descending Colon of the large intestine |
What organs are found in the Left Iliac (inguinal) Region? | Initial part of sigmoid colon |
Name five techniques for imaging structures of the body without surgery... | X-ray, CT, MRI, PET Scan, Ultrasound |
This technique for imaging structures uses radiation energy that has the ability to penetrate through soft tissues, huge risk to gonads if proper precautions aren't take... | X-rays |
Takes X-ray's from multiple angles and a computer puts it together for a 3-dimentional view. Allows for better soft tissue views. | CT Scan (Computerized Tomography) |
Uses a very strong magnetic field to cause water molecules to spin, which creates an energy. Converts relative amounts of water in tissues. The more color shown, the more energy. | MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) |
Uses some type of radioactive dye, which releases energy, focuses on specific organs. | PET (Positron Emission Tomography) |
Uses sound waves that go through soft tissues and really soft tissues that bounce off a baby and comes back and a computer puts the image together | Ultrasound |
Chemistry is the study of.... | Matter and all of the changes it undergoes |
Define Matter and the 3 states that it exists in? | Any solid, liquids or gases |
Define Energy | The capacity to do work |
What forms can energy have? | Electrical, Chemical, Mechanical, Thermal, Solar |
What is Active Energy? | Kinetic Energy |
What is Potential Energy? | Stored Energy |
What elements are in the body? | 27 |
How many elements are there? | 112 |
Names and symbols for 4 major elements make up 96% of the body.... | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen |
Names and symbols of 9 minor elements.... | Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur, Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium, Iodine, Iron |
Names and symbols of 4 Trace elements.... | Manganese, Chromium, Zinc, Silicon, Tin, Fluorine, Copper, Cobalt, Molybdenum, Selenium, Vanadium |
What are the 3 Subatomic Elements? | |
What is an isotope? | |
How are radioactive isotopes uses medically? | |
What is a molecule? | |
What is a compound? | |
What is a mixture? | |
Difference between Solution, a Colloid and a suspension | |
How is the blood a combination of solution, colloid and a suspension | |
What do protons and neutrons do for an atom? | |
What do electrons do for an atom? | |
How many electrons in the outer energy level will make an atom "stable"? | |
What atoms form ionic bonds? |