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Lecture 3.1
Element 3- Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the four cell types? | Nerve, Muscle, Epithelial, Connective tissue cells. |
| What is the role of a nerve cell? | Specialised cells which transmit information in the form of electrical signals |
| Explain the role of the neurone membrane. | The membranes carry electrical charges and can receive information from the outside environment e.g.. light in the eye or temperature on the skin |
| Why isn't ATP an acid buffer | It's an acid in itself |
| What is a tissue? | An association of similar cells which perform similar function(s) |
| What is an organ? | An association of tissues which combine to perform specific functions of the body. Organs are the structural units of the body |
| Explain the role of muscle cells | Elongated cells specialised on generating mechanical forces. There membranes carry electrical charges (similar to nerve cells) |
| What are the three types of muscle cells? Which one is controlled by the somatic nervous system? | Smooth, cardiac, skeletal. Skeletal is controlled by the somatic nervous system |
| What are the roles of epithelial cells? | 1. Separate the body from the external environment 2. Transport ions, organic molecules and water from one side to another. 3. Can form glands |
| What is a gland? What is its role? | Specialised structure which secretes various products either to the outside of the body (exocrine glands) or into the blood stream (endocrine glands) |
| What are connective tissue cells? | Typically- widely scattered cells embedded in non-cellular material. |
| What is the definition of absorption? | Intake of various molecules into the blood from the lumen e.g. water, nutrients in the gastro- intestinal tract |
| What is the definition of secretion? | Trnasportation into the lumen e.g.. HCl in the stomach |
| What is the definition of filtration? | Moment of small molecules through cellular molecular sieves, such as the kidneys. These are physical openings that allow molecules through. |
| What is the definition of reabsorption | Some materials may be first filtered/ secreted but then retrieved from the GI tract or kidneys. e.g. water in the kidneys |
| What does homeostasis mean? | Maintenance of constant (static) conditions of the internal environment. |
| Explain the percentages of inter and extra cellular fluid in the body | The body is: 40% solids, 60% fluids The fluids are: 65% intercellular, 35% extracellular The extracellular fluids are: 80% interstitial, 20% plasma |
Created by:
macdonkr
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