Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Organic Molecules
Study Guide info for Organic Molecules test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hydrocarbon | a long chain of carbon atoms that are linked together with hydrogen bonded to it. |
| 2 examples of hydrocarbons | coal, gasoline |
| what is the monomer of carbohydrates? | sugars |
| what elements make up carbohydrates? | carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen |
| what is the monomer of a protein | amino acids |
| what elements make up proteins? | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and some sulfur |
| what is the monomer of lipids? | fatty acid |
| what elements make up lipids? | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen |
| what are the monomers of nucleic acid? | nucleotide |
| what process joins monomers? | dehydration synthesis |
| why does the body need to do dehydration synthesis? | to link together monomers |
| what process breaks down polymers? | hydrolysis |
| why does the body need to do hydrolysis? | to break down the proteins, lipids, carbohydrates that you eat into monomers |
| monosaccharide | 1 simple sugar |
| what elements make up monosaccharides? | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen |
| what are monosaccharides used for? | main fuel that cells use for cellular work. immediate energy |
| disaccharide | double sugar |
| what are disaccharides used for? | transport |
| polysaccharide | many sugars |
| what are the three polysaccharides? | starch, glycogen, cellulose |
| what do starches do? | energy storage in plants |
| what does glycogen do? | food storage in animals |
| what does cellulose do? | structural support in plants |
| organic molecule | made by living organisms and contain carbon. Carbon is often used as the BACKBONE of the molecule. |
| inorganic molecule | derived from nonliving things and don't contain carbon. |
| how many bonds will carbon make with other elements? | 4 |
| polymer | carbon compounds made up of many monomers |
| monomer | individual small unit molecules |
| what are the 4 classes of organic molecules? | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid |
| isomer | molecule with the same chemical formula, but different structural formula. |
| example of isomers | fructose and glucose |
| saturated fat | glycerol molecule. fatty acid tails that have a carbon-carbon as single bonds, and the chain is saturated with hydrogens |
| unsaturated fat | glycerol molecule. fatty avid tails that have one or more double bonds connecting the carbons in the chain. |
| what is an example of a saturated fat? | butter |
| why are saturated fats solid at room temperature? | because it can copy the shape of its neighbor causing layering |
| what is an example of an unsaturated fat? | corn oil |
| why are unsaturated fats liquid at room temperate? | because the double bonds fix the shape not allowing it to copy the shape of its neighboring chains |
| why do lipids have more energy per gram than carbohydrates? | because it contains more carbon-hydrogen and less hydroxyl |
| what are glycerides used for? | long term energy storage |
| what are phospholipids used for? | in cell membrane |
| what are waxes used for? | help conserve water in many plant leaves |
| how is the structure of a steroid different than a triglyceride? | a steroid is a ring of carbons and a triglyceride is a chain |
| what are steroids used for? | physical development from puberty on to old age and fertility cycles |
| how many types of amino acids are used in living things? | 20 |
| what is the role of fibrous proteins? | structural role, skin, bones |
| what are the 4 roles of globular proteins? | enzymes that do chemical reactions, transport oxygen to cells, antibodies, hormones to regulate body functions. |
| what are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? | 5 carbon sugar ribose, phosphate, nitrogen- containing base |
| what is the role of singular nucleotides? | temporarily carry energy |
| what is the role of DNA? | stores hereditary information |
| what is the role of RNA? | assisting DNA in making a protein |
| what are foods that are rich in carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids? | carb- grains, potatoes pasta proteins- meats lipids- vegetable oils and fats |
| what is the chemical formula of a monosaccharide? | C6H12O6 |
| what is the chemical formula of a disaccharide? | C12H22O11 |
| how many water molecules must be removed if 5 monosaccharide monomers join? | 4 |
| what is the ratio of carbon hydrogen and oxygen in a monosaccharide? | 1:2:1 |
| organic chemistry | study of carbon compounds |
| macromolecules | study of large organic molecules |
| functional groups | groups of atoms that give properties to the carbon compounds to which they attach |
| what kind of energy do carbohydrates give animals? | immediate |
| do mono and di saccharides dissolve readily in water? | yes |
| what is the most abundant organic compound on earth? | cellulose |
| what is cellulose known as in food? | dietary fiber |
| alpha structure | sugar molecules identically linked to each other to make coiled chains |
| beta structure | sugar molecules are alternate to each other making straight chains |
| what is an example of an alpha structure? | plant and animal starches |
| why is cellulose water insoluble? | because they are straight chain molecules with hydrogen bonding to each other also making it nondigestible |
| what polysaccharide contains nitrogen? | CHITIN |
| what is carb and proteins cal/gram | 4 |
| what is lipids cal/gram | 9 |
| what are glycerides used for? | long term energy storage and insulation in animals |
| saturated fat | saturated with hydrogens. no double bonds |
| unsatured fat | has one or more double bonds connecting the carbons.have fewer carbon hydrogen bonds in the chain |
| monounsaturated fat | one double bond |
| polyunsaturated fat | two double bonds |
| what are hydrogenated oils | they replace double bonds of unsaturated fats with single bonds of saturated fats and are hard for your body to break down |
| HDL | good cholesterol |
| LDL | bad cholesterol |
| what affects the function of a protein? | its shape |
| what are three ways to denature proteins? | heating, adding bases, adding acids |
| what is the shape of fibrous proteins? | long chains |
| what is the shape of globular proteins? | a glob |
| primary structure | amino acid sequence |
| secondary structure | folding as a result of hydrogen bonding |
| tertiary structure | secondary folding caused by order of amino acids |
| quaternary structure | different folded chains come together to make a larger protein unit |
Created by:
edenbreslauer
Popular Biology sets