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Corrections
Ch. 9 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who is ultimately responsible for prison OPERATIONS? | warden or superintendent |
| What tend to increase the personnel and resources used to maintain and manage the organization? | Bureaucracies |
| Bureaucratic functions often fall to a ________ for management, who is responsible for housekeeping tasks | deputy warden |
| T/F: Educational, vocational, and treatment programs have been a part of corrections since the late 1800s. | T |
| The rehab and educational personnel find it difficult to achieve their goals in institutions whose primary mission is ________ . | custody |
| Since the invention of the penitentiary, inmate labor has been used for what two things? | industry and agriculture |
| There are 300,000 correctional officers in _______ prisons. | state |
| A correctional officer must be at least how old? | 18-21 |
| T/F: Over the past 3 decades, the correctional officer's role has greatly changed. | T |
| The public has traditionally characterized the correctional officer as what? | mindless and brutal custodian |
| T/F: Human service activities undertaken by officers include: providing goods & services, acting as referral agents/advocates, and helping with institutional adjustment problems. | T |
| In how many states is the correctional staff organized into ranks of officer, sergeant, lt., and captain? | Most |
| Who are the main DISCIPLINARIANS of the institution? | Lieutenants |
| Are officers subject to inspections? | Yes |
| In some institutions, a correctional officer's superior may give them what? | tickets or disciplinary reports |
| The early CJ literature either ignored the prison officer or painted a picture of an individual with a "________" resulting from the routine of numbering, counting, checking, and locking. | lock psychosis |
| Studies have shown that a primary incentive for becoming a correctional officer is the ______ of a civil service job. | security |
| Most correctional facilities are located where? Prison work is often better than other available jobs. | rural areas |
| T/F: Over the past 40 years, fed. courts, 1964 Civil Rights Act, & affirmative action programs have dramatically changed the racial/gender composition of the correctional officer force. | T |
| Approximately what percent of correctional officers belong to minority groups? Are women? | 30%, 23% |
| How many states require cadets to complete a preservice training program? | Most, not all |
| T/F: The classroom work often bears little resemblance to problems confronted in the cell block or in the yard. | T |
| Of all the correctional staff, officers where have the CLOSEST contact with prisoners? | in the cell blocks |
| T/F: Work in the housing units of some prisons is dangerous because the officers don't carry weapons, are greatly outnumbered, and can be easily overwhelmed by the prisoners. | T |
| Who provides labor for feeding, cleaning, and maintaining the institution? | inmates |
| Which is more relaxed: work area or cell block? | work area |
| Officers assigned to the towers or along the walls (or fences) have how much contact with inmates? | almost none |
| Are women still limited to only working with women prisoners? | No |
| Female officers are thought to exert a "________" influence on the environment, making it more livable and less violent. | softening |
| job-related mental tension | job stress |
| a condition where an employee is either emotionally and/or physically worn out, often as a result of long-term stress | job burnout |
| Organizational justice is made up of what two important elements? | procedural and distributive justice |
| relates to fairness of organizational PROCESSES | procedural justice |
| focuses on organizational OUTCOMES | distributive justice |
| When social distance breaks down, officers are more prone to commit _________ . | boundary violations |
| behavior that blurs, minimizes, or disrupts the social distance between prison staff and inmates, resulting in violations of departmental policy | boundary violations |
| What percent of boundary violations are dual relationships? General boundary violations? Staff-inmate sexual contact? | 80%, 8%, 12% |
| What boundary violation is the most serious? | staff-inmate sexual contact |
| T/F: 5 situations which it's legally acceptable for officers using force: self-defense, defense of 3rd persons, upholding prison rules, prevention of crime, prevention of escapes. | T |
| Are corporal punishment and excessive force allowed for correctional officers? | No |
| Is collective bargaining for prison workers a fairly recent phenomenon? | Yes |
| The great expansion of the incarcerated population over the past decade has brought more than what percent increase in the number of correctional officers nationwide? | 400% |
| What set the procedures for hiring, promoting, assigning, disciplining, and firing public employees? | civil service laws |
| Workplace rules also develop through collective-bargaining agreements between _____ and the government. | unions |
| In what case did the Supreme Court say that Section 1983 provides a means not only for prisoners but also for probationers and parolees to bring lawsuits against correctional officials? | Cooper v. Pate 1964 |
| What statute says that "any person" who deprives others of their constitutional rights while acting under the authority of law may be liable in a lawsuit? | Cooper v. Pate 1964 |
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