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Ch. 8 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a structure established for influencing behavior to achieve particular ends | formal organization |
| obedience to an order or request | compliance |
| the ability to obtain compliance in exchange for material resources | remunerative power |
| the ability to obtain compliance by manipulating symbolic rewards | normative power |
| the ability to obtain compliance by the application or threat of physical force | coercive power |
| In what model is the purpose of IMPRISONMENT to "punish offenders, fairly and justly, through lengths of confinement proportionate to the gravity of the offense?" | "confinement model" |
| a management principle holding that a subordinate should report only to one supervisor | unity of command |
| a series of organizational positions in order of authority, with each person receiving orders from the one immediately above and issuing orders to the one immediately below | chain of command |
| a management principle holding that a supervisor can effectively oversee only a limited number of subordinates | span of control |
| employees who are directly concerned with furthering the institution's goals, workers in direct contact with clients | line personnel |
| employees who provide services in support of those who are in direct contact with clients | staff personnel |
| Who makes up the majority of an institution's personnel? | custodial employees |
| Has the organizational structure of correctional institutions changed over time? | Yes |
| Are correction institutions administered more humanely today than they were in the past? | Yes |
| a governance theory which states that for a prison system to operate effectively, officials must tolerate minor infractions, relax security measures, and allow inmate leaders to keep order | inmate balance theory |
| a governance theory which states that prison disorder results from unstable, divided, or otherwise weak management | administrative control theory |
| the absence of individual or group misconduct threatening the safety of others | order |
| includes programs designed to improve the life prospect of inmates | service |
| anything that enhances the inmates' creature comforts | amenity |
| T/F: 4 factors that make governing prisons different from administering other public institutions: defects of total power, limited rewards and punishments, the co-optation of correction officers, and strength of inmate leadership. | T |
| Much of the public believes that prisons are run in an ________ manner. | authoritarian |
| What is used to control prisoners? | physical coercion |
| Correctional officers often rely on what two things to gain cooperation? | rewards and punishment |
| T/F: One way that correctional officers obtain inmate cooperation is by tolerating minor rule infractions in exchange for compliance with major prison rules. | T |
| Who plays the key role in the interpersonal relationships among the inmates and serves as the link to the prison bureaucracy? | correctional officers |
| What are central to prisoner control because correctional officers cannot have total control over the inmates? | negotiations |
| T/F: Once an officer defines a set of informal rules with prisoners, the rules must be respected by all parties. | T |
| Some rule violations are "________" and consequently do NOT merit officers' attention or sanctioning. | normal |
| In the traditional prison of the big-house era, administrators enlisted who to help maintain order? | inmate leaders |
| On entering a prison, the newcomer receives what? | manual |
| Who act like police officers with regard to most prison rules? | custodial officers |
| More-serious violations can earn the prisoner a "_______": a report forwarded to higher authority for action. | ticket |
| the most severe sanction by a disciplinary committee in administrative segregation | solitary confinement |
| T/F: Management is successful when prison directors: are in office long enough to learn the job, project an appealing image to a wide range of people, are dedicated and loyal to the dept., and are highly hands-on and proactive. | T |
| Does some evidence suggest that prisons are becoming less violent? | Yes |
| T/F: Prison disorder, inmate homicides, etc. are proportionately more rare today than in the 1970s and 1980s. | T |
| the concept of male honor and the sacredness of one's reputation as a man, requires physical retaliation against those who insult one's honor | machismo |
| the most common type of prison violence | prisoner-prisoner violence |
| For many victims of prison violence, what is the only way to escape further abuse? | protective custody |
| Besides physical injury, an attack can compromise an officer's what? | authority |
| tactic for reducing prison violence by dividing facilities into small, self-contained, semi-autonomous "institutions" | unit management |
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