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Corrections
Test Ch. 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In what state is the oldest operating prison located? | New Jersey |
| a walled prison with large, tiered cell blocks, a yard, shops, and industries | "big house" prison |
| T/F: Incarceration QUADRUPLED in past 25 years while U.S. crime rate has DECLINED for 2 decades. | T |
| NOW the FOCUS of corrections is what? | Crime control |
| the primary EMPHASIS on corrections | incarceration |
| the 3 models of incarceration | custodial, rehab, reintigration |
| a model of correctional institutions that emphasizes security, discipline, and order | custodial model |
| Most prisons today use what type of incarceration model? | custodial model |
| a model of correctional institutions that emphasizes the provision of treatment programs designed to reform the offender | rehab model |
| a model of correctional institutions that emphasizes maintenance of the offender's ties to family and the community as a method of reform, in recognition of the fact that the offender will be returning to the community | reintegration model |
| Who is responsible for "the safekeeping, care, protection, instruction, and discipline of all persons charged or convicted of offenses against the U.S."? | Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) |
| Prisoners now make up over how much of the federal inmate population? | half |
| What fraction of pretrial detainees are housed in state or local facilities on a contractual basis? | 2/3 |
| Who is responsible for the placing of pretrial detainees into contractual facilities? | U.S. Marshals Service |
| T/F: FEDERAL prisoners tend to be MALE, WHITE, and convicted of DRUG offenses. | T |
| Most prisons are ______ institutions. | state |
| Each prison facility is administered by whom? | warden or superintendent |
| Almost half of state facilities are in which direction? | south |
| A majority of prisoners are MEN, members of minority groups, and convicted of what? | violent crimes |
| currently the largest racial/ethnic group in state-level U.S. prisons | African American |
| T/F: Today's prison designs are greatly influenced by the cost of CONSTRUCTION and MAINTENANCE. | T |
| the 4 basic models of prison design used in the U.S. | radial design, telephone-pole design, courtyard style, campus style |
| Prisons in the early 1800s usualy followed the _______ of Pennsylvania's Eastern Penitentiary. | radial design |
| The telephone-pole design is mainly used for what type of prisons in the U.S.? | maximum-security prisons |
| an architectural plan by which a prison is constructed in the form of a wheel, with "spokes" radiating from a central core | radial design |
| an architectural plan for a prison, calling for a long central corridor crossed at regular intervals by structures containing the prisoners' functional areas | telephone-pole design |
| an architectural design by which the functional units of a prison are housed in separate buildings constructed on four sides of an open square | courtyard style |
| an architectural design by which the functional units of a prison are individually housed in a complex of buildings surrounded by a fence | campus style |
| Some new correctional facilities, including maximum-security prisons, are built in the _________ . | courtyard style |
| A design long used for juvenile and women's correctional facilities; also used for some new institutions for men | campus style |
| Most prisons for ADULTS are located where? | in rural areas |
| T/F: The early prisons were built outside city centers because it was believed that the offenders needed to be isolated from urban distractions and criminal peers. | T |
| 40 states and federal government that operate prisons that exceed maximum security are called what? | "super-max" prisons |
| a prison designed and organized to minimize the possibility of escapes and violence | maximum-security prisons |
| a prison designed and organized to prevent escapes and violence, but in which restrictions on inmates and visitors are less rigid | medium-security prisons |
| a prison designed and organized to permit inmates and visitors as much freedom as is consistent with the concept of incarceration | minimum-security prison |
| T/F: The scope of services purchased from profit-seeking organizations has EXPANDED GREATLY in recent decades. | T |
| T/F: From 1930 through 1980, the incarceration rate in the U.S. REMAINED FAIRLY STABLE. | T |
| 5 reasons to explain the increased rate of incarceration in the U.S. | (1) increased arrests and more likely incarceration, (2) tougher sentencing, (3) prison construction, (4) the war on drugs, and (5) state and local politics |
| Researchers now recognize that the size of the prison population is NOT driven by the amount of crime, but by what? | public policy |
| the strategy of doing nothing to relieve crowding in prisons, under the assumption that the problem is temporary and will disappear in time | null strategy |
| a strategy of building new facilities to meet the demand for prison space | construction strategy |
| Increasing the use of ________ could reduce the prison population. | intermediate sanctions |
| the use of PAROLE, WORK RELEASE, and GOOD TIME to get offenders out of prison before the end of their term | "backdoor strategies" |
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