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MEDT401 Ch. 8-11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Area under the curve (AUC) | Ratio of the FP rate to the TP rate produces a proportion AKA "under the curve". AUC of 0.50 (50%) means diagnostic test is no better than chance. AUC of 1.0 (100%) means diagnostic test is perfectly accurate. |
| Assessment | Collecting data w/which a diagnosis can be tested. Process is ID signs & symptoms of disease & recording the associated data for the purpose of informing a diagnosis. Assessment is not dx; it is a process of data collection an the collected data itself. |
| Audit trail | Record of decisions made through a naturalistic (qualitative study that can be referenced by a peer reviewer or an external auditor in assessing the trustworthiness of the study. |
| Blind | Procedure through which individuals (subjects, clinicians, and/or data analysts) are kept uninformed of the designation of subjects to study groups. |
| Cohen’s d | A statistic that shows effect size. A d score of 0.80 is considered a large effect. 0.20 is a small effect, 0.50 is a medium effect, I.I0 is a very large effect, and 1.40 or higher is an extremely large effect. |
| Cohen’s kappa | A statistic that shows inter-rater reliability for categorical data. A score of 0.80 or higher is generally considered an indication of a high level of consistency, meaning the data are reliable. |
| Complete history | Process for collecting information about a patient designed to elucidate a patient's entire health status. A complete history covers all body systems. |
| Computed tomography (CT) | A type of imaging procedure. |
| Constant comparative method | Interview data are analyzed after each participant's interview and the data from one interview are compared to the data from the other interviews; therefore. data collection and analysis occur simultaneously. |
| Correlation studies | Interview data are analyzed after each participant's interview and the data from one interview are compared to the data from the other interviews; therefore. data collection and analysis occur simultaneously. |
| Credibility | The degree to which data collection and interpretation are plausible. This concept is generally applied to naturalistic (qualitative) research. |
| Defensive medical practice | Excessive use of diagnostic procedures to avoid lawsuits by showing that every available measure was employed. |
| Dependability | The degree to which the interpretations in a naturalistic (qualitative) study are consistent with the data collected. |
| Differential diagnosis | Systematically comparing and contrasting results of diagnostic measures in order to determine which one of two or more diseases or conditions a patient is suffering from. |
| Dx | Diagnosis |
| Exclusion criteria | Characteristics (such as age, diagnosis. comorbidities, gender, etc.) that result in an individual being excluded from participating in a study. In many cases, exclusion criteria relate to risks of harm from the study intervention. |
| External validity | The degree to which the findings of the study are generalizable to the population and to a similar healthcare context. |
| Extraneous variables | Undesirable variables that interfere with the intended purpose of the investigation by introducing error to the study and affecting the dependent variable or outcome. AKA intervening variables. |
| Focused history | A process for collecting information about a patient designed to elucidate a specific problem and differentiate between critical and noncritical causes. A focused history covers only the relevant body systems. |
| Gold standard | The test that is known to be the most accurate, regardless of cost, invasiveness or other considerations. |
| Inclusion criteria | Characteristics (such as age, diagnosis, comorbidities, gender, etc.) that must be satisfied in order for an individual to be included in a study. |
| Institutional Review Board (IRB) | Organization reviews research proposals & regulates research activities. Can be internal or external & must be approved by the Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP), agency within the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services that oversees IRBs. |
| Intention-to-treat analysis | Procedure in which the data analyzed from a study include participants who completed at least one follow-up. The most rigorous approach is to utilize both per-protocol (on-protocol) and intent-to-treat and compare the results to see if they differ. |
| Internal validity | A characteristic of research design that relates to the degree to which the outcomes of the study can be attributed to the interventions. |
| Inter-rater reliability | Degree to which the data collected are consistent between different researchers. Measured via Cohen's Kappa test. Used in systematic reviews & meta-analyses to assess reviewer consistency in procedures for selecting & for critically appraising studies. |
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