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COD: Intro To Art
Art Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pigment | A coloring material made from various organic or chemical substances. When mixed with a binder, it creates a drawing or painting medium. |
| Binder | A substance in paints that causes particles of pigment to adhere to one another and to a support. |
| Graphite | A soft crystalline form of carbon. |
| Metalpoint | A drawing technique in which the drawing medium is a fine metal wire. |
| Charcoal | Charred wood. |
| Conte Crayon | Compressed pigment compounded with clay and a small amount of a greasy binder. |
| Pastel | A drawing medium consisting of sticks of color made of powdered pigment and a relatively weak binder. A light-value color; especially tint. |
| Wash | Ink or watercolor paint thinned so as to flow freely onto a support. |
| Papier Colle (collage) | French for "pasted paper" |
| Support | The surface on which a work of two-dimensional art is made; for example, canvas, paper or wood. |
| Primer | A preparatory coating of paint, usually white but sometimes colored, applied to the support for a painting or drawing. |
| Encaustic | Painting medium in which the binder is wax and resin, which is heated to render the paints fluid. |
| Buon Fresco | "True Fresco" Water is applied to wet lime plaster. |
| Fresco Secco | "Dry Fresco" When the plaster is dry |
| Cartoon | A full-scale preparatory drawing for a fresco or mural. |
| Tempera | Paint in which the pigment is compounded with an aqueous, emulsified vehicle such as egg yolk. |
| Oil Paint | Paint that consists of pigment compounded with oil, typically linseed oil. |
| Alla Prima | "All in one go" The painting was completed all at once, in a single session. |
| Watercolor | A painting medium in which the binder is gum arabic |
| Acrylic | A synthetic plastic resin used as a binder for artists' paints. |
| Mosaic | The technique used of creating a design or image by arranging bits of colored ceramic, stone, glass, or other suitable materials and fixing them into a bed of cement or plaster. |
| Tesserae | Small, closely spaced particles used for mosaic. |
| Tapestry | Refers to a particular weaving technique and also to the wall hangings made using it. |
| Warp Threads | A set of threads held taught usually by a loom. |
| Weft Threads | A second set of threads passed through the warp threads, winding over and under them in a set pattern. |
| Matrix | A surface in which a design is prepared before being transferred through pressure to a receiving surface such as paper. |
| Edition | A declared limit on the number of impressions that will be made by the artist. |
| Relief Prints | Any printing method in which the image to be printed is to be raised from the background. |
| Woodcut | The artist first draws the desired image on a block of wood and then all of the areas that are not meant to bring are cut and gouged out of the wood so that the image stands out in relief (cut along the grain) |
| Wood Engraving | Uses a block of wood as a matrix cut across the grain, on the end grain of the block. |
| Linocut | Similar to a woodcut, but on linoleum. Makes it more difficult to make multiple images, as the block wears down faster than wood. |
| Intaglio | The second major category of printmaking techniques and the exact opposite of relief. |
| Engraving | The oldest of the intaglio techniques, it was developed from the medieval practice of incising linear designs in armor and other metal surfaces. |
| Drypoint | Similar to engraving, except a drypoint needle is used. The artists draws on a plate, usually copper, |
| Mezzotint | Ludwig Von Siegen created it. It is the reverse process of engraving in which the artist works from dark to light. |
| Etching | Created by using acids to "eat" lines and depressions into a metal plate much as a sharp tools would. |
| Aquatint | A variation on the etching process, a way of achieving flat areas of tone. |
| Lithography | Using limestone to make etchings using wax, soap and lampblack. |
| Planographic | The printing surface is flat--not raised as in relief or depressed as in intaglio. |
| Screen printing | The screen is a fine mesh of silk or synthetic fiber mounted in a frame, rather like a window screen. The printmaker stops out screen areas that are not meant to print and then the ink is forced through the screen with a squeegee. |
| Monotype | There is only one type, the original is altered or destroyed so no others can be created. |
| Camera Obscura | "Dark room" |
| Daguerreotype | Light sensitive surface with a copper plate coated with silver iodide. |
| Kodak Camera | Loaded with film for 100 images and was hand-held. |
| Pictorialist | |
| Pure or straight photography | |
| Auteur | A director whose films are marked by a constant, individual style, just as a traditional artist's paintings or sculptures are. |
| Video | Technology that could record and play back images in motion |
| In the Round | A free standing work that can be viewed from any angle, for it is finished on all sides. |
| Relief | A sculpture in which forms project from it but still remain attached to a background surface. |
| High Relief | A sculpture from which the forms project more boldly. |
| Low or bas-relief | A technique in which the figures project only slightly from the background. |
| Modeling and Assembling | A simple frame work or core or nothing at all and the artist adds material to it until its finished. |
| Casting | Involving a mold of some sort, into which liquid or semiliquid material is poured and allowed to harden. |
| Carving | |
| Lost-wax casting | |
| Contrapposto | "Counterpoise" or "counterbalance" sets the body in an S shaped curve through a play of opposites. |
| Ceramics | The art of making objects from clay, a naturally occurring earth substance. When dry it has a powdery consistency; mixed with water it becomes plastic that is moldable, and cohesive. |
| Porcelain | A ceramic made by mixing kaolin, a fine white clay with finely ground petunse, also known as porcelain stone. |
| Glass | The principle ingredient is usually silica or sand. When it is heated it becomes molten and then can be shaped. |
| Forging | Metal is shaped by hammer blows. |
| Fiber | A pliable, threadlike strand |
| Ivory | May refer to the teeth and tusks of a number of large animals. |
| Jade | Consists of two materials, nephrite and jadeite. |
| Lacquer | Made from the sap of a tree only found in China, it is brushed in very thin coats--each layer must dry completely before the next layer can be added. |
| Tensile Strength | Refers to the amount of stretching stress a material can withstand before it bends or breaks. |
| Post and Lintel | Based upon two upright (posts) which support a horizontal (lintel). |
| Hypostyle | "Beneath columns" |
| Doric, Ionic and Corinthian Orders | Doric: no base, very plain. Ionic: stepped base and a carved capital in the form of two graceful spirals called volutes. Corinthian: very elaborate, detailed base and acanthus leaves |
| Arch | Allows for the architect to open up fairly large spaces in a wall without risking the buildings structural soundness. |
| Keystone | The topmost stone in the rounded arch |
| Barrel Vault | When the arch is extended in length, basically many arches placed flush next to one another. |
| Groin Vault | Results when two barrel vaults are crossed at right angles to each other, thus directing the weights and stresses down into the four corners |
| Pointed Arch | Known in the Gothic Period and the weight is channeled to the ground, allowing for a higher, steeper archway |
| Flying Buttress | An outer "arm" to support towers and external structures. |
| Dome | Generally in the shape of a hemisphere or half globe |
| Coffered | Ornamental with recessed rectangles |
| Oculus | an "eye" or opening |
| Portico | A porch that is somewhat adjoined to another structure |
| Minarets | Slender towers |
| Pendentives | Curved triangular sections found between the arches. |
| Corbelling | Each row of stone projects just slightly beyond the one above it. |
| Balloon-Frame Construction | A true-skeleton-and-skin method. First the builder erects the framework and then adds the roof and sheathes the walls |
| Suspension and Cable-Stayed | Expansions are supported from above, hung from a higher point be means of cables. |
| Geodesic Dome | Formed like a bubble using tetrahedrons and is incredibly strong and light in comparison to size. |
| Ground | An acid resistant substance made from beeswax, asphalt and other materials. |
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