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FPSP Packet #2
FPSP 2015-2016 Packet #2: Disappearing Languages
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| accent | a distinctive mode of pronunciation of a language, especially one associated with a particular nation or geographic region |
| illiteracy | the inability to read or write |
| immersion | a method of teaching a foreign language by the exclusive use of that language, usually at a special school |
| awakening language | a language with no fluent native speakers that is engaged in language revitalization efforts with the express goal of creating fluent speakers in the future |
| indigenous | originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; also known as native or aboriginal |
| language family | a term used by linguists to identify a group of languages descended from a single common language |
| bilingual | fluent in two languages |
| language revitalization | the attempt by interested parties to halt or reverse the decline of a language or to revive an extinct one; also known |
| critically endangered | a level of language endangerment in which the youngest speakers of the language are grandparents and older generations who speak the language only partially and infrequently |
| language shift | the process in which a language’s speech community transitions to speaking another language |
| definitely endangered | a level of language endangerment in which children no longer learn the language as mother tongue in the home |
| lexicon | a list of words, usually with definitions or translations, such as those in a dictionary |
| linguist | a person who studies language and its structure |
| descriptive grammar | a set of rules outlining a language as it is spoken without noting correct or incorrect usage |
| dialect | a particular variety of a language that is specific to a region or social group; also known as vernacular |
| linguistics | the scientific study of language and its structure, including the study of morphology, syntax, phonetics, and semantics |
| migrant | a person who moves from one place to another, especially to find work |
| dormant language | a language that is thought to have no current fluent speakers |
| monolingual | someone fluent in a single language |
| morphology | the branch of linguistics focused on the study of the forms of words, including how words are built using prefixes and suffixes |
| fluent | able to speak or write a particular foreign language easily and accurately |
| grammar | the system and structure of language as a whole or of a specific language |
| mother tongue | the language a person learns as a child at home; also known as first language or native language |
| United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) | a specialized agency that promotes peace and security through international collaboration in education, science, and culture and that publishes the Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger |
| national language | a language spoken in all geographic areas of a country, but one that is not necessarily the official language or the language most commonly spoken in the nation |
| vocal tract | the area stretching from the larynx through the mouth and nose that is used to filter sound |
| phonetics | the branch of linguistics concerned with the study and classification of speech sounds |
| vulnerable | a level of language endangerment in which most children speak the language but speech may be restricted to certain domains, such as the home or school |
| prescriptive grammar | a set of rules that outlines a language as it should be used and establishes norms of correct and incorrect usage |
| second language | a language learned by a person after his or her native language, especially as a resident of an area where the second language is in general use |
| writing system | a set of symbols used to represent statements expressed in language such as alphabets, syllabaries, and raised notation systems |
| semantics | the study of meaning in language |
| severely endangered | a level of language endangerment in which the language is spoken by grandparents and older generations; the parent generation may understand it, but do not speak it to children or among themselves |
| sociolinguistic | the study of language in its social context which includes the study of dialects, the way people speak in different social contexts, and attitudes toward languages and dialects |
| speech community | a group of people who share a set of norms and expectations regarding the use of language |
| syntax | the branch of linguistics dedicated to the study of sentence structure and the rules that govern how words are combined to make grammatically correct sentences |
| translate | to express the sense of words or text in another language |
Created by:
jennifertomak
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