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Ch 5: General Prep
Aircraft Materials and Processes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Weight of a unit volume of a material | Density |
| A metal which can be hammered, rolled, or pressed into various shapes without cracking or breaking | Malleability |
| Ability of a material to resist abrasion, penetration, cutting action, or permanent distortion | Hardness |
| Ability of a material to resist deformation or stress without breaking | Strength |
| Property that enables a metal to return to its original size and shape when the force which causes the change of shape is removed | Elasticity |
| Property of a material to resist tearing or shearing and may be stretched or otherwise deformed without breaking | Toughness |
| Property of a metal which allows little bending or deformation without shattering | Brittleness |
| Ability of a metal to become liquid by the application of heat | Fusibility |
| Property which enables a metal to carry heat or electricity | Conductivity |
| Contraction and expansion that are reactions produced in metals as the result of heating or cooling | Thermal Expansion |
| Property of a metal which permits it to be permanently drawn, bent, or twisted into various shapes without breaking | Ductility |
| Group of metals having iron as their principal constituent; are magnetic and give little resistance to corrosion | "Ferrous" Metals |
| Examples of "Ferrous" Metals? | Mild steel, carbon steel, stainless steel, cast iron, and wrought iron |
| Group of metals that do not contain iron, are not magnetic and are usually more resistant to corrosion | "Non-Ferrous" Metals |
| Examples of Non-ferrous Metals? | Aluminum, brass, copper, nickel, tin, lead, and zinc, as well as precious metals like gold and silver |
| Process where metal is shaped or formed by pressing or hammering. | Forging |
| Are produced by pouring molten metal into molds of a desired shaped and is often machined to a finish. | Casting |
| Process where molten metal is forced under pressure into a metallic die and allowing it to solidify | Die Casting |
| Steel containing carbon in percentages ranging from 0.10 to 0.30 percent is classified as | Low Carbon Steel |
| Steel containing carbon in percentages ranging from 0.30 to 0.50 percent is classified as | Medium Carbon Steel |
| Steel containing carbon in percentages ranging from 0.50 to 1.05 percent is classified as | High Carbon Steel |
| The various types of aluminum may be divided into two general classes: | (1) casting alloys (those suitable for casting in sand, permanent mold, or die castings) (2) wrought alloys (those which may be shaped by rolling, drawing, or forging). |
| Aluminum alloy castings are produced by one of three basic methods: | (1) sand mold, (2) permanent mold, or (3) die cast. |
| Wrought aluminum and wrought aluminum alloys are divided into two general classes: | (1) non-heat-treatable alloys and (2) heat-treatable alloys. |
| Wrought aluminum and wrought aluminum alloys are designated by a... | Four digit index system |
| The world’s lightest structural metal, is a silvery white material weighing only two-thirds as much as aluminum | Magnesium |
| Titanium and titanium alloys possess three basic types of crystals; | Alpha, Beta, and Alpha-Beta |
| The leading high nickel alloy, combines the properties of high strength and excellent corrosion resistance | Monel |
| A nonferrous alloy containing mainly nickel, copper, and aluminum | K-Monel |
| There are basically two nickel alloys used in aircraft | Monel and Inconel |
| An alloy of nickel containing chromium and iron, resistant to corrosion at high temperatures. | Inconel |
| Three methods of metalworking: | (1) hot working, (2) cold working, and (3) extruding |
| Heat process where a metal is heated to a specific temperature of a lenth of time and then allowed to cool slowly | Annealing |
| Rapid cooling, as by immersion in oil or water, of a metal object from the high temperature at which it has been shaped | Quenching |
| Involves the forcing of metal through an opening in a die, thus causing the metal to take the shape of the die opening | Extrusion Process |
| Metal that is worked below its recrystallization temperature (usually at room temperature) or critical range | Cold Rolling |
| Used in making seamless tubing, wire, streamlined tie rods, and other forms of stock | Cold Drawing |
| Composites can be made with or without an inner core of material. Laminated structure with a core center is called a | Sandwich Structure |
| Various types of cores for laminated structures include | Rigid foam, wood, metal, or of honeycomb made from paper |
| Natural rubber has better processing and physical properties than... | Synthetic or silicone rubber |
| Synthetic rubber is available in several types, each of which is compounded of different materials to give the desired properties. The most widely used are the... | Butyls, Bunas, and Neoprene |
| Has poor resistance to gasoline, oil, concentrated acids, and solvents.Is normally used for tires and tubes as a substitute for natural rubber | Bruna-S |
| Is used for oil and gasoline hose, tank linings, gaskets, and seals. When used as a seal on a hydraulic piston, it will not stick to the cylinder wall. | Bruna-N |
| Has superior resistance to oil. Good material for use in nonaromatic gasoline systems, poor resistance to aromatic gasolines. Used primarily for weather seals, window channels, bumper pads, oil resistant hose, and carburetor diaphragms | Neoprene |
| Will soften when heated and harden when cooled | Thermoplastic Materials |
| Thermosetting plastics harden upon heating, and reheating has no softening effect. These plastics... | Cannot be reshaped once being fully cured by the application of heat. |
| Chromium steel is high in hardness, strength, and corrosion resistant properties, and is particularly adaptable for heat-treated forgings which require greater toughness and strength than may be obtained in... | Plain Carbon Steel |
| Chrome-nickel or stainless steels are | Corrosion Resistant Metals |
| Aluminum is one of the most widely used metals because of its high strength to weight ratio and its comparative ease of fabrication. The outstanding characteristic of aluminum is... | its light weight |
| The first digit of a designation identifies | the alloy type |
| The second digit indicates specific | alloy modifications |
| 2xxx is | copper |
| 3xxx is | manganese |
| 4xxx is | silicon |
| 5xxx is | magnesium |
| 6xxx is | magnesium and silicon |
| 7xxx is | zinc |
| 8xxx is | other elements |
| Laboratory tests with acid and saline solutions show titanium... | Polarizes Readily |
| 6000 series. Silicon and magnesium form magnesium silicide which makes alloys heat treatable. It is of medium strength, good forming qualities, and has.. | corrosion resistant characteristics |
| Magnesium dust and fine chips are ignited easily. Precautions must be taken to avoid this if possible. Should a fire occur, it can be extinguished with an extinguishing powder, such as... | Soapstone or Graphite |
| The last two digits of the 1xxx group are used to indicate the hundredths of 1 percent above the original 99 percent designated.. | by the first digit |
| Titanium, in appearance, is similar to stainless steel. One quick method used to identify titanium is the spark test. Titanium gives off a... | white trace ending in a brilliant white burst |
| Titanium identification can also be accomplished by moistening the titanium and using it to draw a line on a piece of glass. This will leave a.. | dark line similar in appearance to a pencil mark. |
| Titanium resistance to corrosion is caused by the formation of a protective surface film of stable | Oxide or chemi-absorbed oxygen. Film is often produced by the presence of oxygen and oxidizing agents |
| Spark testing is a common means of identifying various ferrous metals. Each ferrous metal has its own... | peculiar spark characteristics |
| 3 categories of stainless steel | Ferritic, Austenitic, Martensitic |
| As the carbon content of the steel increases, the number of sprigs along each shaft increases and the stream becomes... | Whiter in color |
| Applies to iron base metals only. Consists of heating the part to the proper temperature, holding it until it is uniformly heated, and then cooling it in still air | Normalizing |
| Materials resistance to a force which tends to pull it apart | Tensile Strength |
| Materials resistance to a crushing force | Compression Strength |
| Material's ability to resist forces that can cause the internal structure of the material to slide against itself | Shear strength |
| Twisting force | Torsion |
| Strength of material's resistance to deflecting forces | Bending strength |
| Advantages or Composite Materials | High strength to weight ratio, transfer of stress allowed by chemical bonding, stiffer, longer life, corrosion resistance Stronger, design flexibility, eliminates joints and fasteners, repairable |
| Disadvantages of Composite Materials | Insp. methods difficult to conduct esp, lack of long term design database, relatively new technology, very expensive, lack of repair knowledge and expertise, toxic and hazardous, lack of methodology for repairs/constru |
| F | F — as fabricated |
| O | O — annealed, recrystallized (wrought products only) |
| H | H — strain hardened |
| H1 | Strain hardened only |
| H2 | Strain hardened and partially annealed |
| H3 | Strain hardened and stabilized |
Created by:
Jerome19505
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