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Ch. 14 Kinesiology
Types of joints
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| kinesiology | the study of movement |
| joint articulation | the connecting point of two bones |
| arthrology | the study of joints |
| 3 classifications of joints | synarthroses amphiarthroses diarthroses / synovial |
| synarthroses joints | immovable joints that lack a synovial and are held together by fibrous connective tissue |
| sutures (structural type of a synarthroses joint) | joints where a thin layer of dense, fibrous connective tissue unites the bones of the skull |
| syndesmosis (structural type of a synarthroses joint) | slightly movable joints where bones are connected by ligaments |
| gomphonses (structural type of a synarthroses joint) | immovable joints in which conical process fits into a socket held in place by ligaments |
| amphiarthroses joints | slightly movable joints connected by fibrocartilage (ex. ulna and radius or fibula and tibia) |
| fibrocartilage | speciailized connective tissue with thick collagen fibers |
| diarthroses joints | freely movable joints; also known as synovial joints |
| synovial joints | freely movable joints; also known as diarthroses joints |
| articular cartilage | connective tissue covering the ends of long bones |
| synovial membrane | a double layer of connective tissue lines joint cavities and produces synovial fluid |
| synovial fluid | a lubricating substance found in joint cavities |
| pivot joint | a freely movable joint in which a bone moves around a central axis, creating rotational movement |
| gliding joint | a freely movable joint that allows bones to make a sliding motion (Ex. carpals of the wrist and the tarsals of the ankles) |
| hinge joint | a freely movable joint that allows flexion and extension (Ex. knee, elbow, and phalanges) |
| concave | a half-circle-shaped indentation to a surface |
| convex | a half-circle-shaped protrusion on a surface |
| condyloid or ellipsoidal joint | freely movable joints that allow bones to move about one another in many different directions, but not to rotate (Ex. bones in palm of hand, fingers) |
| ball-and-socket joints | freely movable joints in which a rounded end of one bone fits into an indented end of another bone; allows the widest range of motion |
| saddle joint | a freely movable joint between two bones with complementary shapes; allows a wide range of motion (thumb is the only saddle joint) |
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