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DAC1 Comp 2
WGU DAC1 Information Systems Management Competency 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| hardware | consists of the physical devices associated with a computer system |
| software | the set of instructions the hardware executes to carry out specific tasks |
| computer | an electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept, manipulate, and store data |
| central processing unit / CPU / microprocessor | the actual hardware that interprets and execute the program (software) instructions and coordinates how all the other hardware devices work together |
| control unit | interprets software instructions and literally tells the other hardware devices what to do, based on the software instructions |
| arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) | performs all arithmetic operations and all logic operations |
| megahertz (MHz) | the number of millions of CPU cycles per second |
| gigahertz (GHz) | the number of billions of CPU cycles per second |
| complex instruction set computer (CISC) chips | a type of CPU that can recognize as many as 100 or more instructions, enough to carry out most computations directly |
| reduced instruction set computer (RISC) chips | a type of CPU that limits the number of instruction the CPU can execute to increase processing speed |
| primary storage | the computer's main memory, which consists of the RAM, cache memory, and read-only memory (ROM) that is directly accessible to the CPU |
| random access memory (RAM) | the computer's primary working memory, in which program instructions and data are stored so that they can be accessed directly by the CPU via the processor's high-speed external data bus |
| volatility | a device's ability to function with or without power |
| volatile | must have constant power to function |
| cache memory | a small unit of ultra-fast memory that is used to store recently accessed or frequently accessed data so that the CPU does not have to retrieve this data from slower memory circuits such as RAM |
| read-only memory | the portion of a computer's primary storage that does not lose its contents when one switches off the power |
| nonvolatile | does not require constant power to function |
| flash memory | a special type of rewritable ROM that is compact and portable |
| memory cards | contain high-capacity storage that holds data such as captured images, music, or text files |
| memory sticks | nonvolatile memory for a range of portable devices including computers, digital cameras, MP3 players, and PDAs |
| secondary storage | equipment designed to store large volumes of data for long-term storage |
| megabyte (MB, M, Meg) | roughly 1 million bytes |
| gigabyte (GB) | roughly 1 billion bytes |
| terabyte (TB) | roughly 1 trillion bytes |
| magnetic medium | a secondary storage medium that uses magnetic techniques to store and retrieve data on disks or tapes coated with magnetically sensitive materials |
| magnetic tape | an older secondary storage medium that uses a strip of thin plastic coated with a magnetically sensitive recording medium |
| hard drive | a secondary storage medium that uses several rigid disks coated with a magnetically sensitive material and housed together with the recording heads in a hermetically sealed mechanism |
| input device | equipment used to capture information and commands |
| stylus | a piece of equipment used as a pen-like device that taps the screen to enter commands |
| adaptive computer devices | input devices designed for special applications for use by people with different types of special needs |
| output device | equipment used to see, hear, or otherwise accept the results of information processing requests |
| communication device | equipment used to send information and receive it from one location to another |
| appliance | a computer dedicated to a single function |
| ebook | an electronic book that can be read on a computer or special reading device |
| system software | controls how the various technology tools work together along with the application software |
| operating system software | controls the application software and manages how the hardware devices work together |
| dual-boot | provides the user with the option of choosing the operating system when the computer is turned on |
| embedded operating system | used in computer appliances and special-purpose applications, such as automobile, ATM, or media player and are used for a single purpose |
| multitasking | allows more than one piece of software to be used at a time |
| utility software | provides additional functionality to the operating system |
| control panel | a Windows feature that provides options that set default values for the Windows operating system |
| system clock | works like a wristwatch and uses a battery mounted on the motherboard to provide power when the computer is turned off |
| safe mode | occurs if the system is failing and will load only the most essential parts of the operating system and will not run many of the background operating utilities |
| system restore | enables a user to return to the previous operating system |
| application software | used for specific information processing needs, including payroll, customer relationship management, project management, training, and many others |
| personal information management (PIM) software | handles contact information, appointments, task lists, and email |
| course management software | contain course information such as a syllabus and assignments and offers drop boxes for quizzes and homework along with a grade book |
| software updates (software patch) | occur when the software vendor releases updates to software to fix problems or enhance features |
| software upgrade | occurs when the software vendor releases a new version of the software, making significant changes to the program |
| single user license, network user license, site license, application service provider license | Application Software distribution methods |
| single user license | restricts the use of the software to one user at a time |
| network user license | enables anyone on the network to install and use the software |
| site license | enables any qualified users within the organization to install the software, regardless of whether the computer is on a network |
| application service provider license | specialty software paid for on a license basis or per-use basis or usage-based licensing |
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csmi384
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