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A/P Test #1 Terms
Anatomy and Physiology terms for test #1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Physiology | Function of body parts |
| Responsiveness | Ability to sense and respond to things that happen/feelings |
| Digestion | Break down and absorption of food |
| Metabolism | All chemical reactions that occur in body cells |
| Growth | Increase in size of a body part or of an organism |
| Anatomical Position | Up Straight |
| Superior Position | Up (Ex. The human is superior to the dog) |
| Inferior Position | Down (Ex. The dog bows down to the human because it is inferior) |
| Posterior Position | Outside (Ex. The post is outside) |
| Anterior Position | Inside (Ex. The ant is inside) |
| Ventral Position | Belly side |
| Medral | Middle Line (Ex. Medium is in the middle) |
| Lateral | Lower line (Ex. Lat is Low) |
| Distal | Farther from something (Ex. Wrist is distal from elbow. Distal is distant) |
| Proximal | Closer to something (Ex. Prox is close) |
| Deep | Under 1 or more layers |
| Element | Table of individual atoms working together |
| Tissue | Group of cells working together (Ex. Bone tissue, Muscle tissue, etc.) |
| Organ | Tissues working together (Tissues are an ORGAN-ization) (Heart, lungs, etc.) |
| Populations | Group of organs working together |
| Molecule | 2 or more atoms bonded together |
| Hypotonic | IN (contains a lower concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than are present inside the cell) |
| Isotonic | Equal |
| Hypertonic | OUT (the outside contains a higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than are present inside the cell) |
| Tonicity | A measure of the ability of a solution to cause a change in cell shape or tone by promoting osmotic flows of water. |
| Chromatin | Structures in the nucleus that carry the hereditary factors (genes) |
| DNA Replication | Process that occurs before cell division; ensures that all daughter cells have identical genes. |
| Replication Fork | The point at which the two strands of DNA are separated to allow replication of each strand |
| DNA Polymerase | An enzyme that forms new strands of DNA and works only in one direction |
| Replication Bubble | A portion of the DNA molecule that has opened, providing a site for two replication forks |
| Mitosis | Process during which the chromosomes are redistributed to two daughter nuclei; nuclear division. Consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. |
| Cytokinesis | The division of cytoplasm that occurs after the cell nucleus has divided |
| Cell | The basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. |
| Plasma Membrane | Membrane, composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins, that encloses cell contents; outer limiting cell membrane |
| Ribosomes | Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized. |
| Gene | Segment of DNA that holds the code for one polypeptide |
| Microscopic Anatomy | Structures that are too small to be seen by the naked eye. (Ex. Cytology and Histology) |
| Codon | 3 base sequence on mRNA |
| Goblet Cells | A column-shaped cell found in the respiratory and intestinal tracts, which secretes the main component of mucus. |
| Endocrine | Internally secreting fluids |
| Gland | One or more cells that make and secretes an aqueous fluid called a secretion |
| Stratified Columnar | A rare type of epithelial tissue composed of column shaped cells arranged in multiple layers. |
| Stratified Epithelial Tissues | The cellular covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. |
| Reticular Cells | Spleen and bone marrow |
| Elastic Fibers | Networks of long, thin elastin fibers that allow for stretching. Located above the heart |
| Apocrine | Multicellular glands that release some of their cytoplasm in their secretions, especially the sweat glands associated with hair follicles in the armpits and pubic regions. |
| Cancer | Uncontrolled cell growth. |
| Debridement | Removal of burned skin. (Antibiotics, skin grafting, temporary covering) |
| Insensible Perspiration | Sweat that is unnoticed. |
| Matter | Anything that occupies space and has mass. |
| Elements | Unique substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods. |
Created by:
bhemlepp
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