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Kell blood group
Question | Answer |
---|---|
true or false: Antibodies that target Kell antigens can cause transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). | True |
What are the 3 most common blood group antigens that cause Hemolytic Disease of Newborn? | ABO, Rh incompatibility and Kell. |
Why are cases of Hemolytic Disease of Newborn caused by Kell immunization so severe? | Cases of HDN caused by Kell immunization tend to result in severe fetal anemia because maternal anti-Kell target fetal RBC precursors, suppressing fetal production of RBCs |
most clinically significant Kell antigen | K |
Function of the Kell antigen | Kell glycoprotein is a transmembrane, single-pass protein that carries Kell antigens. It is an endothelin-3-converting enzyme; it cleaves "big" endothelin-3 to produce an active form that is a potent vasoconstrictor |
Antigen frequency for K by race | K antigen: 2% in Blacks, 9% in Caucasians |
Antibodies produced against Kell antigens are this isotype | IgG |
Describe Antibody reactivity of antibodies to Kell antigens | Does not bind complement If hemolysis does occur, it is extravascular in nature |
Which Kell antibodies cause the most severe hemolytic transfusion reactions? | Anti-K and anti-Ku are capable of causing a severe reaction. A milder reaction is caused by anti-k, anti-Kpa, anti-Kpb, anti-Jsa, and anti-Jsb. |