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Respiratory Phys 3
WVSOM -- Airflow thru the Airways
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two factors controlling compliance? | elastic fibers and surface tension of the alveoli |
| How does surfactant aid breathing? | decreases surface tension increasing compliance, stabilizes alveoli and keeps lungs dry |
| What is compliance? | ease of inflation |
| What is the predominant resistance to air flow? | airway resistance |
| What makes up the 2 factors for airway resistance? | tissue resistance and airway resistance |
| How is overall airway resistance calculated? | from the pressure drop it creates |
| What is the equation for airway resistance? | Change in pressure/rate of airflow |
| What are the 3 types of airflow? | laminar, trubulent and transitional |
| What is laminar air flow? | air flow is in a straight line. Happens with slower airflow |
| Where is laminar air flow seen? | terminal bronchioles |
| Where is turbulent airflow? | trachea |
| Where is transitional air flow? | most of the lung, especially where airway divides |
| What is transitional air flow? | Transitional air flow is where airways divide and it changes |
| What does laminar flow resistance depend on? | radius and length |
| How is airway resistance proportional to radius? | the Radius is inversely proportional to radius(4) |
| How is resistance proportional to length? | it is proportional to length |
| Which has more air resistance? Turbulence or laminar flow? | turbulence |
| What increase the probability of turbulence? | high air flow and large airway diameter. Reynold’s number over 2000 |
| What affects airway resistance besides pattern of air flow? | lung volume and bronchial smooth muscle tone |
| What happens to resistance as volume increases? | resistance decreases |
| How does lung volume affect the airway? | radial traction…increases the radius by stretching the elastic fibers |
| What factors affect bronchial smooth muscle tone? | parasympathetic stimulation, Beta 2 Stimulation and irritants |
| What does parasympathetic tone do to airway radius? | decreases it |
| What does B2 stimulation do to airways? | dilates them |
| What do irritants do to airways? | causes more restriction, histamine releases and smoke obstructs the airways |
| What are the 3 obstructive lung diseases? | chronic bronchitis, asthma and emphysema |
| What happens in chronic bronchitis? | hyper mucus secretion so the lung fills with mucus |
| What happens in asthma? | hyper-responsive smooth muscles so the airway gets narrower. Also hypertrophy so there is more muscle fibers |
| What happens in emphysema? | Loose elastic collagen so there is less radial traction and the airway stays expanded. |
| What is forced expiration? | compression of peripheral airways limits air flow |
| What controls air movement? | lung pressures |
| What is the transairway pressure? | the Airway pressure – Pleural pressure; net distending pressure. |
| What is the key thing that keeps the airway open? | the Transairway pressure |
| What is the transpulmonary pressure? | Alveolar pressure – Pleural pressure |
| What is the transairway pressure if the airway si open? | positive |
| What is the transairway pressure if the airway is compressed? | negative |
| During air flow, airway pressure is ___ alveolar pressure but _____ than mouth pressure. | greater than; less than |
| What is the transairway pressure during inspiration? | positive |
| What is the transairway pressure during passive expiration? | positive |
| How do you calculate alveolar pressure? | sum of intrapleural pressure and an elastic recoil pressure |
| What happens during forced expiration as far as pressure? | the transairway pressure switching from positive to negative. |
| What happens to pleural pressure during forced expiration? | increases and becomes positive |
| What happens to alveolar pressure during forced expiration? | increases |
| Why does airway collapse occur more readily at low lung volumes? | the airway pressure is lower |
| What does low lung volumes do to elastic recoil? | decreases it because alveolar and airway pressure is decreased |
| What happens to radial traction with low lung pressures? | the airway resistance goes up and the transairway pressure goes down causing it to decrease. |
| Why is there airway collapse in emphysema? | There is a decrease in elastic recoil causing a decrease in alveolar and transairway pressure and thereby increased airway resistance |
| What is P(aw)? | transairway pressure |
Created by:
tjamrose
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