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Respiratory Phys 2
WVSOM -- Mechanics of Breathing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the 3 different processes involved in respiration. | ventilation, perfusion, diffusion |
| How is the lung adapted for efficient gas exchange? | Gets larger for a large amount of surface area especially the alveoli and also has a very thin membrane |
| What does ventilation involve? | lung inflation and deflation |
| What does inspiration require? | muscle contraction that increases the volume of the chest cavity |
| What are the 3 muscle groups that participate in inspiration? | diaphragm, external intercostals and accessory muscles |
| What accessory muscles are used in inspirations? | scalens and sternomastoids |
| What is required during quiet breathing? | relaxation of inspiratory muscles |
| What is used in expiration that is not quiet breathing? | lung and chest wall elasticity, abdominal muscles and internal intercostals |
| Why do the lungs expand with the chest wall? | there is cohesion between the peura due to intrapleural fluid. |
| Why is there a tug of war in the chest wall? | the intrapleural fluid causes cohesion but the negative intrapleural pressure pulls against it |
| What happens in a pneumothorax? | the lungs collapse inward and the chest wall moves outward. |
| What controls air movement? | lung pressure |
| How is transpulmonary pressure calculated? | Alveolar pressure – Pleural pressure |
| How is transairway pressure calculated? | Airway pressure – Pleural pressure |
| What drives air into and out of the lungs? | changes in intrapleural pressure |
| What happens when the pleural wall is stretchy? | easy to inflate and hard to deflate |
| What happens when the pleural wall is stiff? | hard to inflate, easy to deflate |
| How are most lung volumes and capacities measured? | spirometer |
| What cannot be measured with spirometry alone? | total lung capacity, functional residual capacity and residual volume |
| What is compliance? | measure of stiffness that reflects the extent of elastic recoil |
| What is frictional resistance? | tissue and air movement restriction |
| What are the two main forces that oppose air movement? | compliance and frictional resistance |
| What is a pathologic result of increased compliance? | emphysema. Easy to inflate and less elastic recoil |
| What is the pathologic result of reduced compliance? | fibrosis or alveolar edema; hard to inflate and more elastic recoil |
| What is lung compliance dependent on? | elastic tissue and alveolar surface tension |
| What causes surface tension? | liquid lining of alveoli (surfactant) |
| What makes up the elastic tissue in the lung? | elastin and collagen |
| What 3 things does emphysema increase? | Total lung capacity, functional residual capacity and residual volume |
| What 3 things does fibrosis decrease? | total lung capacity, functional residual capacity and residual volume |
| What does surface tension do to compliance? | reduces it |
| What is atelectasis? | alveolar collapse |
| What can cause atelectasis? | increased surface tension |
| What cells produce surfactant? | Type II alveolar cells |
| What does surfactant do? | reduces surface tension in the alveoli |
| What is the effect of surfactant? | increased compliance, increased alveolar stability and it keeps the lungs dry. |
Created by:
tjamrose
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