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Marketing
marketing and advertsising
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Market | place where goods are bought and sold |
| Marketing | identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably |
| Marketing mix | combination of marketing techniques used to satisfy consumers' requirements profitability, consists of the 4Ps. |
| Marketing Concept | customer-oriented approach, customer driven, centred on satisfying the customer, responsive to customer need |
| Market Segmentation | dividing market into segments of customers with common characteristics |
| Market research | gathering, recording and analysing of information relating to identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer needs |
| Desk Research | secondary research, looking at information already available |
| Field research | primary research, collecting information through surveys, panels and observation |
| Questionnaire | printed list of questions aimed at collecting data |
| Target Market | market you are planning to sell your goods to |
| Niche Market | small, specialist market e.g. vintage car market |
| Product | this includes design, USP, Packaging and branding |
| Design | this includes design, USP, Packaging, Branding |
| Unique Selling Point | what distinguishes it |
| Packaging | protects, promotes, provides information, convenience for storage & use |
| Branding | name/symbol that identifies good with a business & distinguishes it from competitors which helps to create loyalty |
| Trade mark | a name that a firm uses on its products e.g. Kellogs |
| Price | amount charged for good/service |
| Pricing Strategies | different pricing policies that a firm can choose from |
| Cost Plus Pricing | Cost of producing goods plus a profit mark up |
| Penetration Pricing | low price to capture market share (suitable for new products) e.g. Vodafone |
| Price Skimming | charge high price in short term e.g. flights go up during school holidays |
| Competitive Pricing | matching competitors' prices |
| Loss leader Pricing | certain products (bread/milk) sold at cost price to attract customers into the store |
| Discriminatory Pricing | Charging different prices to different groups e.g. OAPs, cinemas cheap tickets for off peak |
| Promotional Pricing | Reduced price for a particular reason |
| Promotion | all communication involved in bringing products to attention of customers & getting them to buy the products |
| Sales Promotion | marketing techniques used to make good attractive by providing extra benefit |
| Merchandising | the way goods are displayed and where they are located in a shop |
| Direct Marketing | making contact with customer (telesales) |
| Advertising | publication of information regarding a firm's goods/ services which is designed to inform/remind/persuade customers to buy advertised item |
| Public Relations (PR) | planned & sustained effort to establish & maintain goodwill between business and public |
| Sponsorship | business provides financial support to a party/event /team |
| Personal selling | salesperson tries to persuade customer to buy product |
| Public Relations Officer | deals with media, customers, community, generates publicity & manages crisis |
| Place | various ways of distributing goods, includes channels of distribution, retailer, wholesaler and franchising |
| Channels of Distribution | network used in physical distribution of goods |
| logo | distinctive style of writing a firm's name |
| Product Life Cycle | stages product goes through from introduction to growth, to maturity, to saturation, and to decline |
| AIDA concept | purpose of advertising is to grab your Attention, create in you a Desire that leads to an Action (you buy the good) |
| Informative Advertising | gives useful information e.g. Debenhams Sale starts Thursday April 1ts |
| Persuasive Advertising | tries to convince people that they need the product e.g. "Because you're worth it." |
| Competitive Advertising | used to convince people that their product is better than that of their competitors |
| Generic Advertising | all the firms in that industry come together to promote that type of product e.g. "Milks the one." |
| Advertising media | means used to advertise e.g. tv, radio, social media, internet, newspapers, magazines, billboards etc. |
| After-sales services | support offered by manufacturers, distributors and retailers to consumers |
| Point-of-sale advertising | advertising in he place where a product is sold |
| Product development | is the process of creating a new product or altering an existing one |