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physiology-cell
Stack #187900
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Townes and Holtfreter experiment, and what it implies | like cells from different embryos aggregate, adhere together. implies cell recognition, cell adhesion |
__ folding of peptide in transmembrane domain | alpha helix |
glycocalyx responsible for | cell recognition (ABO blood types), cell adhesion |
types of CAM (cell adhesion molec) | 1.cadherin - homophilic binding 2.integrin - heterophilic binding |
how to dissociate cell | remove Ca2_, or add trypsin |
spatiotemporal distribution | lose CAM to migrate, re-express CAM to group into ganglia |
cell junctions | occluding (tight junction), anchoring , gap |
types of anchoring junction | 1. adherens - cell-cell or cell-matrix E-cadherin @ catenin attached to F-actin 2. desmosome - cell to cell catenin attached to non contractile IF. 3. hemidesmosome - cell to basal lamina |
1 gap junction is | 2 connexon, (6 * 2 connexin) |
facilated diffusion passive or active | passive |
difference between facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion through channels | both passive, but facilitated diffusion has a binding site |
what diffusions are carrier mediated | facilitated diff, primary, secondary active |
effect of insulin on glucose transpoter | increase number of Glut4 |
Glut 4 is an example of what kind of transport | facilitated diffusion |
facilitated diffusion move molec against/down conc't grad | down |
co-transport also called | symport |
counter-transport also called | antiport |
example of co-trasport in kidney | gluc and Na+ moving into cell from lumen of nephron |
example of counter-trasport in kidney | Na+ move into cell and H+ out to lumen of nephron |
fluid endocytosis called | pinocytosis |
during endocytosis phagosome fuse with | lysosome |
during pinocytosis pinocytic vesicle fuses with | endosome |
pseudopod formed during phago or pinocytosis | during phagocytosis |
rheumatoid arthritis | autoimmune disorder causes release of lysosomal content into joints |
lysosomal storage disorder | tay sach, missing lipase in lysosome => accum of FA in brain |
receptor mediated endocytosis (special pinocytosis) | 1.clathrin bdd to vesicle 2.clathrin removed 3.vesicle bdd to endosome |
what kind of molec taken in by receptor mediated endocytosis | LDL |
autocrine cell affect | itself |
paracrine cell affects | target cell |
where does RNA polymerase bind to | promotor region |
exons are | expressed genes |
introns are | garbage ie not expressed |
familial hypercholesterolemia | LDL receptor defective, high LDL in blood causing atherosclerosis |
intracellular protein made in | free ribosome |
protein destined for secretion made in | RER |
protein destined for integration into membrane made in | RER |
co-translational modification | translation starts in free ribosome. signal sequence binds SRP(signal recognition particle) which takes the complex to ribosome on RER, where translation is continued. |
how does steroid hormone (lipid soluble ligand) bring about intracellular response? | steriod diffuse accross PM, and bdd to intracellular receptor. the receptor-ligand complex moves into the nucleus, where it will act as a transcription factor. |
subunit of MF | actin |
subunit of MT | alpha, beta tubulin |
what is the strongest cytoskeletal filament | microtubule |
what forms a hollow filament | MT |
IF forms | nuclear lamina |
MT radiates from | centromere |
dynein moves tward __ this is called | -ve, reterograde |
kinesin moves toward __ this is called | +ve, anterograde |
what acts as a track for dynein, kinesin | MT |
endothelial cells of nephron held together by | tight junction |
integrin | heterophilic CAM |
cadherin | homophilic CAM |