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Enzymes 2

QuestionAnswer
This enzyme phosphorylates phosphorylase in glycogenolysis Phosphorylase kinase
Elevated cAMP binds to this enzyme and removes the inhibitory subunit Protein Kinase A
Hydrolyzes glycogen Phosphorylase
Remove phosphates on phosphorylase kinase and phsophorylase Protein phsophatases
Activates IP3, DAG and Ca2+ Phospholipase C
Stimulated by diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate 3 (IP3) Protein kinase C
Cleaves phosphodiester bonds Nuclease
A nuclease that cleaves at the end of a DNA strand and releases an dNMP Exonuclease
Hydrolyze nucleotides at either the 3' end or 5' end Exonuclease
Hydrolyze nucleotides at the 3' end 3'->5' exonuclease
Hydrolyze nucleotides at the 5' end 5'->3' exonuclease
Hydrolyze the phsophodiester bond in the middle of a DNA strand Endonucleases
Restriction enzymes are what kind of enzyme? Endonucleases
Forms a phosphodiester bond between the 3' OH and 5' phosphate DNA ligase
Unwinds DNA at the replication fork in E. coli Helicase
Adds negative supercoils ahead of replication fork in E. coli DNA gyrase
Synthesizes RNA Primer in E. coli Primase
Synthesizes the bulk of the DNA in E. coli DNA pol III
Removes RNA primers and fills in the gaps in E. coli DNA pol I
Sealse the nicks in E. coli DNA ligase
Requires a primer DNA polymerase
Responsible for priming synthesis in human cells DNA polymerase alpha
Synthesizes the bulk of both strands of DNA in human cells DNA polymerase delta
Synthesizes a short stretch of RNA and then extens this RNA in human cells to prime replication DNA polymerase alpha
Remove RNA and any incorrect DNA bases misincorporated by pol alpha in eukaryotic cells RNAse H1 and Flap endonuclease-1 (FEN-1)
Move along the DNA backbone and scan for the presence of damaged bases N-glycosidases and AP endonucleases
Recognizes the absent base and clips the phosphodiester backbone on the 5' side of the AP site AP endonuclease
Recognizes AP sites that are created by ROS or formed spontaneously AP endonuclease
Scan by "base flipping" N-glycosidases
Removes a base if it recognizes damage to the base while "base flipping" N-glycosidases
Synthesizes RNA from a DNA template
Requires a DNA template, rNTPs and Mg++ RNA polymerase
Shaped like a "crab claw" with the acitve site located at the base of the groove between the two "pincers" RNA polymerase
Maintain negative supercoiling so that polymerase can move along the DNA strand in transcription Topoisomerases
Transcribes ribosomal RNA genes (with the exception of 5S RNA) in eukaryotes RNA pol I
Transcribes mRNAs and some small RNAs involved in splicing in eukaryotes RNA pol II
Transcribes tRNAs, 5S RNA and various small RNAs involved in splicing and RNA processing in eukaryotes RNA pol III
Forms a peptide bond between the P site peptide (carboxyl group) and the A site amino acid (NH3 group) Peptidyltransferase
Rate-limiting step of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway Glucose-6-P Dehydrogenase (GPDH)
Rate-limiting step of the glycolysis Phosphofructokinase
Allow for interconversion of diasteromers Epimerase
Transfers a 3-carbon fragment from one sugar to another Transaldolase
Transfers a 2-carbon frament from one sugar to another Transketolase
Makes citrate from OAA and acetyl-CoA Citrate synthase
Reduces OAA to malate Malate dehydrogenase
Decarboxylates malate to pyruvate and generates NADPH Malic enzyme
Rate-limiting step of fatty acid synthesis (requires biotin) Acetyl CoA carboxylase
Presence of these enzymes in the liver are indicative of liver disease Alanine aminotransferase (ALP/SGPT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST/SGOT)
Increased levels of this enzyme in the blood is indicative of heart disease or myocardial infaction Creatine kinase
Fluorouracil is a suicide inhibitor of this enzyme Thymidylate synthase
Created by: P1StudyStack
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