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v:2.01 DigRaster
vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| graphics | anything on a page that is not actual text, from simple line drawing to fully active images found on the world wide wed. the two major categories of graphic images are raster and vector |
| color depth | refers to the number of colors per pixel that can displayed in an image and effects image quality ad file size |
| compression | refers to the mathematical algorithm used when an image is saved in order to reduce the file size. the greater the compression, the lower the quality of the image |
| lossless | no data is lost during compression |
| lossy | some data is lost during compression |
| portability | case at which files are opened modified, and viewed on computers using different operating systems, software and browsers |
| transparency | the background of an image is "see-through" so that the graphic can blend into the background with out having a white box around it |
| inches | the standers unit of measurement for us standard size papers that can work well for print. A "letter" size piece of paper measures 8.5" * 11", which is the most common size used in printers for resumes and other common desktop publishing documents |
| pixels | the most common unit if measurement used for computer screen display a pixel generally represents one dot that is illuminated on a computer screen many of which make up images. pixels lack flexibility as a screen size changes |
| picas | a unit of measurement for lines type with equal to 1/6 of an inch.therefor there are six pica's in one inch. pica's often used in print design as they are more easily divisible than inches such as with the rule of thirds |
| resolution | the amount of detail stored for an image the higher the resolution the higher the level of detail in the image |
| PPI (pixels per inch) | the number of pixels per inch means better image quality but larger file size |
| on-screen resolution | monitors can display an image at a resolution of 72 ppi |
| print resolution | document that's are being sent for should be 300 ppi to ensure image quality |
| DPI (dots per inch) | the number of dots of ink or toner per inch on a printed image the lower the DPI the less detail the image |
| color mode | a mathematical model that describes the way colors can be represented as numbers or percentages typically with three or for values |
| RGB (red, green, blue) | assign an intensity value to each to each pixel that ranges from 0 to 255 for each of the red, green, and blue components in an image. if all of the RGB values are 0 the result will be black. if all of the RGB colors are 255 the result will be white. |
| CMYK ( cyan, magenta, yellow, black) | assigns a percentage value for each of the process inks. if all of the percentages are set to 0, the result will be white. an image should be converted to CMYK color mode before print |
| raster graphics | also called bitmaps, are images composed of grids of pixal that have a fixed resolution ( number of pixels per inch) ad cannot be resided with out lossing image quality. raster graphics are edited in print programs. |
| raster commonly used for | digital photography. modifying or adding effects to images suck as filters or blurs. effective for we design or images for print mediums, such as magazines |
| advantages of the raster | handle small details, suck as those in photography, fairly well. handle modification and effects well |
| disadvantages of raster | resolution dependents the quality of the image is determined by the number of pixals in the image, which cannot be reside with out affecting image quality. file sizes can become very large |
| native file formats | editable file formats that are proprietary to specific program that generally lacks portability and is not meant to be used with other software |
| standard file formats | file formats that can be used with variety of software programs. standard file formats are usually created by using the ¨save as¨ command or through exporting. standerd file formats include but are not limited to gif jpg png and tif |
| PSD ( Photoshop document) | native file format for adobe Photoshop. supports layer transparency text and effects large file size the industry standard for raster graphic creation and editing |
| GIF ( graphic interchange format) | standard format on wed for animation supports transparency. uses loss less compression. supports 256 colors commonly used for clip art animation icons logos simple diagrams line drawing graphics with large computer screens |
| JPEG | joint photographic experts group does not support animation does not support transparency uses lossy compression supports 16 million colors high quality commonly used for desktop publishing images photographs and natural art work |
| PNG (potable network graphic) | supports transparency uses lossless compression supports several different color depths including 256 colors and 16 million colors commonly used for replacing GIF and TIFF images online viewing of images |
| TIFF ( tagged image file format | does bot support animation or transparency available in compressed ad uncompressed formats supports up 16 million colors commonly used fir stiring raw bitmap data by some programs and devices such as scanners |
| PDF portable document format | opened standard platform independent format that embeds fonts images layout and graphics allow choice of lossy and lossless compression supports 16 million colors |
| aspect ration | relationship of an object width to its height maintaining aspect ratio while modifying an object size ensures the object is not distorted |
| cropping | removing a part of an image the original image retains the same file size the cropped image can be saved as a new object |
| layering | compiling multiple pictures or objects together into one image layers can be turned on or off elements can be colored layered or re-sizes individually |
| selections | identifying a specific area of a layer or image that allows you to move or apply techniques to only that specific area on that specific layer |
| transparency | removing the background color of a raster image making it ¨see-through¨ in order to allow the image to blend in with its background |
| transforming | changing a graphic size or dimension through commands suck as scaling and rotating |
| scaling | enlarging or shrinking a graphic |
| rotating | pivoting an object around its center point |
| layer styles | one or more effects applied to layer or layer group effects include shadows strokes glows bevels and overlays |
| layer masks | a non-destructive method which allows you to apply transparency to a specific portion of layer with precise control |
| fill | putting a color gradient pattern or texture into an object or area |
| gradient | filling an object with a smooth transition from one color to another |
| points | the standard unit of measure for typeface with 1 point representing 1/72 of an inch 12 point font is generally accepted as the font size for paragraph text in print |
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