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AP Poetry Terms
I had a test coming up and didn't feel like buying index cards.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Assonance | The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds. |
| Consonance | The repetition of similar consonant sounds in a group of words. |
| Elegy | A sustained and formal poem setting forth the poet's meditations upon death or another solemn theme. |
| Internal Rhyme | Rhyme that occurs within a line, rather than at the end. |
| Narrative Poem | A non-dramatic poem which tells a story, whether simple or complex, long or short. (Ex. Epics and Ballads) |
| Personification | A kind of metaphor that gives inanimate objects or abstract ideas human characteristics. |
| Sestet | A six-line stanza. |
| Synecdoche | A figure of comparison in which a word standing for part of something is used for the whole of that thing or vice versa; any part or portion or quality of a thing is used to stand for the whole of the thing or vice versa. |
| Visual Imagery | Any imagery that you can literally see. |
| Abstract Diction | Language that describes qualities that cannot be perceived with the five senses. |
| Auditory Imagery | Any image that is perceived through the sense of hearing. |
| Couplet | A two-lined stanza, usually with end-rhymes the same. |
| Enjambment | The continuation of the sense and grammatical construction from one line of poetry to the next. |
| Irony | The contrast between actual meaning and the suggestion of another meaning. |
| Ode | Typically a lyrical verse written in praise of,or dedicated to someone or something which captures the poet's interest or serves as an inspiration for the poem. |
| Poetic Foot | A unit of poetic meter consisting of stressed and unstressed syllables in any various set of combinations. |
| Simile | A directly expressed comparison; a figure of speech comparing two objects, usually with "like", "as", or"than". |
| Syntax | The ordering of words into patterns or sentences. |
| Alliteration | The repetition of identical or similar consonant sounds, normally at the beginnings of words. |
| Ballad | A poem that tells a story similar to a folk tale or legend and often has a repeated refrain and is often about love and often sung. |
| Dactyl | A metrical foot consisting of one long and two short syllables or of one stressed and two unstressed syllables. |
| Extended Metaphor | An implied analogy, or comparison, which is carried throughout a stanza or an entire poem. |
| Litote | A figure of speech in which a certain statement is expressed by denying its opposite. (Ex. Not unattractive) |
| Onomatopoeia | The use of words whose sound suggests their meaning. (Ex. Buzz) |
| Pun | A play on words that are identical or similar in sound but have sharply diverse meanings. |
| Slant Rhyme | Rhyme in which either the vowels or the consonants of stressed syllables are identical. |
| Tactile Imagery | Any image that can be felt, touched, tasted, or smelled. |
| Allusion | A reference in a work of literature to something outside the work, especially to a well-known historical or literary event, person, or work. |
| Blank Verse | Unrhymed iambic pentameter. |
| Diction | The use of words in a literary work. |
| Free Verse | Poetry which is not written in a traditional meter but is still rhythmical. |
| Lyric Poem | Any short poem that presents a single speaker who expresses thoughts and feelings. (Ex. Sonnets and Odes) |
| Overstatement | Refers to the intentional exaggeration of a situation's significance for a rhetorical effect. |
| Understatement | Deliberately expresses an idea as less important than it actually is, either for ironic emphasis or for politeness and tact. |
| Quatrain | A four-line stanza with any combination of rhymes. |
| Sonnet | Normally a fourteen-line iambic pentameter poem.(Includes the Petrarchan and the English types) |
| Tercet | A stanza of three lines in which each line ends with the same rhyme. |
| Anapest | A metrical foot consisting of two short syllables followed by one long syllable or of two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable. |
| Caesura | A pause, usually near the middle of a line of verse, usually indicated by the sense of the line, and often greater than the normal pause. |
| Didactic Poem | A poem which is intended primarily to teach a lesson. |
| Iamb | A metrical foot consisting of one short syllable followed by one long syllable or of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable. |
| Metaphor | A figurative use of language in which a comparison is expressed without the use of a comparative term such as "like" or "as". |
| Oxymoron | A form of paradox that combines a pair of contrary terms into a single expression. It usually serves the purpose of shocking the reader into awareness. |
| Rhyme | Close similarly or identity of sound between accented syllables occupying corresponding positions in two or more lines of verse. |
| Spondee | A metrical foot of two syllables, both of which are long (or stressed). |
| Tone | The manner in which an author expresses their attitude; the intonation of the voice that expresses meaning. |
| Antithesis | A figure of speech characterized by strongly contrasting words, clauses, sentences, or ideas. This is a balancing of one term against another for emphasis or stylistic effectiveness. |
| Cinquain | The general term applied to poetic forms using a five-line pattern. This refers to a poem that rhymes and has the same rhythm to it at all times except in the last line. |
| Dramatic Monologue | A poem written as a speech made by a character (other than the author) at some decisive moment. It usually is directed toward another character that remains silent. |
| Imagery | The images of a literary work; the sensory details of a work; the figurative language of a work. |
| Meter | The repetition of a regular rhythmic unit in a line of poetry. This element of a poem emphasizes the musical quality of the language. |
| Paradox | A situation/action/feeling that appears to be contradictory but on inspection turns out to be true or at least make some sense. |
| Rhyme Scheme | A regular pattern of rhyme, one that is consistent throughout the extent of the poem. |
| Stanza | Usually a repeated grouping of three or more lines with the same meter and rhyme scheme. |
| Trochee | A metrical foot consisting of one stressed syllable followed by one unstressed syllable. |
| Apostrophe | A figure of speech in which someone (usually, but not always absent), some abstract quality, or a nonexistent personage is directly addressed as though present. |
| Concrete Diction | Language that describes qualities that can be perceived with the five senses as opposed to using abstract or generalized language. |
| Dramatic Poem | A poem which employs a dramatic form or some elements of dramatic techniques as a mean of achieving poetic ends. (Ex. Dramatic monologue). |
| Implied Metaphor | A more subtle comparison using carefully chosen, highly concentrated language; the terms being compared are not specifically explained. |
| Metonymy | A figure of speech which is characterized by the substitution of a term naming an object closely associated with the word in mind of the word itself. |
| Parallelism | A similar grammatical structure withing a line or line of poetry. |
| Symbol | Something that is simultaneously itself and a sign of something else. |
| Rhythm | The recurrence of stressed and unstressed syllables. |
| Connotation | An association or additional meaning that a word, image, or phrase may carry beyond its literal references or dictionary definition. |
| Aporia | A figure of speech in which the speaker expresses real or simulated doubt or perplexity about where to begin, what to do, or what to say. |
| Hyperbaton | A figure of speech in which words that naturally belong together are separated from each other for emphasis or using deviation from normal or logical word order to produce an effect. |
| Epistrophe | Ending a series of lines,phrases, clauses, or sentences with the same word or words. |
| Symploce | The combination of anaphora and epistrophe: beginning a series of lines, clauses, or sentences with the same word or phrase while simultaneously repeating a different word or phrase at the end of each element in the series. |
| Anaphora | A repetition device where the same word or words are repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences. |
| Anastrophe | Inversion of the natural or usual word order. This can emphasize a point or make it more awkward. |
| Chiasmus | Reversal of grammatical structures in successive phrases or clauses. |
| Anadiplosis | Repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause. |
| End-stopped | A metrical line ending at a grammatical boundary or break or with punctuation. A line is also considered end-stopped if it contains a complete phrase. |
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