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PBHS NAQT Scales
You Gotta Know These Scales
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Kelvin Scale | Temperature Scale based on the triple point of water |
triple point | Water's solid, liquid, and gaseous phases can co-exist in equilibrium at this point |
Celsius Scale | Swedish Scientist developed this scale based on the freezing and boiling temperature of water at a pressure of 1 atm |
Mach number | The ratio of the speed of an object to the speed of sound in the same medium |
Mach 2 | Moving at 2 times the speed of sound in dry air |
Decibel | Measure of the intensity of sound waves on a logarithmic scale. 1/10 of a bel (named for Alexander Graham Bell) |
pH scale | Power of Hydrogen scale developed by Sorensen. IT =-log(sub)10[H+]. Greater concentrations of protons respond to lower values. |
Richter scale | Logarithmic scale measuring earthquake intensity (shaking intensity) or the energy released. It has been superseded by the moment magnitude scale |
Beaufort Scale | Zero to 12 scale measuring wind speed. 0 - less than 1 knot = calm winds; 2 - 6 = breezes; 7 - 10 = gales; 11 = storm (violent storm) 12 = hurricane force winds |
Fujita-Pearson or Enhanced Fujita scales (EF) | Scale measuring tornado strength. EF5 winds begin at 200 mi/h |
Mohs scale | Scale measuring minerals' abilities to scratch one another (hardness). Diamond (10) is about 1600 times harder than talc (1) |
Pauling scale | Scale measuring electronegativity. Fluorine has the highest at 4.0 and Francium is the lowest at 0.7 |
Electronegativity | Attraction of atoms for electrons in chemical bonds. Noble Gases have no assigned values. |
Mercalli or Modified Mercalli Scale | Seismic scale that measures or describes an earthquakes intensity by its effects on the earth's surface |
anemometer | instrument measuring wind speed |
hygrometer | instrument measuring relative humidity (a psychrometer is a type) |
barometer | instrument measuring atmospheric pressure |
electron affinity | The amount of ENERGY released when an electron attaches to an atom (when an atom gains an electron) |
element with the greatest electronegativity | fluorine |
element with the least electronegativity | francium |